School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Molecules. 2011 Dec 19;16(12):10570-91. doi: 10.3390/molecules161210570.
Three starches from the wheat varieties AK58, ZM18 and YZ4110 were separated into large (A) and small (B) granules, which were characterized structurally and evaluated for their functional properties. SEM results showed that the size of A-granules from ZM18 and YZ4110 were about the same, but the sizes of A-granules and B-granules from AK58 were larger than those of ZM18 and YZ4110. FTIR spectra showed that all the samples exhibited a similar pattern, with seven main modes with maximum absorbance peaks near 3,500, 3,000, 1,600, 1,400, 1,000, 800, 500 cm-1. The B-granules of ZM18 and YZ4110 had less amylose content, although the difference among the total amylose contents of the three unfractionated starches was not significant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed predominantly A-type crystallinity for all the starches. The A-granules showed sharper XRD patterns than the other starches. DSC analysis showed that the A-granules had broader ranges of gelatinization temperatures than the B-granules from the same wheat variety. The gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) of A-granules was higher than that of B-granules. AK58 exhibited the smallest enthalpy, while ZM18 showed the largest enthalpy. In pasting tests, the A-granule starch of AK58 had higher peak, final and setback viscosity, lower breakdown and pasting temperature, and the B-granule starch and unfractionated starch of AK58 had lower peak, breakdown, final and setback viscosity and higher pasting temperature than ZM18 and YZ4110.
从小麦品种 AK58、ZM18 和 YZ4110 中分离出的三种淀粉分为大（A）和小（B）颗粒，对其结构进行了表征，并评估了它们的功能特性。SEM 结果表明，ZM18 和 YZ4110 的 A 颗粒大小相同，但 AK58 的 A 颗粒和 B 颗粒大小大于 ZM18 和 YZ4110。FTIR 光谱表明，所有样品都表现出相似的模式，具有七个主要模式，最大吸收峰位于 3500、3000、1600、1400、1000、800、500cm-1 附近。ZM18 和 YZ4110 的 B 颗粒的直链淀粉含量较低，尽管三种未分级淀粉的总直链淀粉含量差异不显著。X 射线衍射（XRD）图谱表明，所有淀粉均主要表现为 A 型结晶度。A 颗粒的 XRD 图谱比其他淀粉更尖锐。DSC 分析表明，A 颗粒的糊化温度范围比同一小麦品种的 B 颗粒更宽。A 颗粒的糊化焓（ΔH）高于 B 颗粒。AK58 的焓值最小，ZM18 的焓值最大。在糊化测试中，AK58 的 A 颗粒淀粉具有较高的峰值、最终和回生粘度、较低的破裂和糊化温度，AK58 的 B 颗粒淀粉和未分级淀粉具有较低的峰值、破裂、最终和回生粘度以及较高的糊化温度高于 ZM18 和 YZ4110。
