Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Protoplasma. 2024 Mar;261(2):197-212. doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01889-9. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
The endosperm is an essential part of wheat grains, and the accumulation of amyloplasts in endosperm determines the quality of wheat. Because waxy wheat has a special starch quality, there is a need to understand differences in endosperm and starch morphologies among waxy wheat cultivars. This study investigated differences in the endosperm and amyloplasts of two near-isogenic lines (Shimai19-P and Shimai19-N) and the wheat cultivar Shimai19 during various growth stages using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. At 8 days after pollination (DAP), with endosperm development, the amyloplast distributions in the different endosperm regions of the three wheat varieties were in the following order: center of ventral endosperm > subaleurone of ventral endosperm > center of dorsal endosperm > modified aleurone > subaleurone of dorsal endosperm. At 16 DAP, small amyloplasts appeared in the endosperm cells in all three wheat cultivars; subsequently, endosperm cell development until maturity was more rapid in Shimai19-N than in the other varieties. This study revealed variations in amyloplast accumulation among endosperm regions and waxy wheat varieties during wheat grain development, which improved the understanding of nutrient accumulation and nutrient transfer of wheat grains.
胚乳是小麦籽粒的重要组成部分，而淀粉体在胚乳中的积累决定了小麦的品质。由于糯小麦具有特殊的淀粉品质，因此需要了解不同糯小麦品种胚乳和淀粉形态的差异。本研究采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，研究了两个近等基因系（Shimai19-P 和 Shimai19-N）和小麦品种 Shimai19 在不同生长阶段胚乳和淀粉体的差异。授粉后 8 天（DAP），随着胚乳的发育，三种小麦品种不同胚乳区域的淀粉体分布顺序为：腹面胚乳中心>腹面亚糊粉层>背面胚乳中心>修饰糊粉层>背面亚糊粉层。在 16 DAP 时，三种小麦品种的胚乳细胞中都出现了小的淀粉体；随后，Shimai19-N 的胚乳细胞发育直到成熟比其他品种更快。本研究揭示了小麦籽粒发育过程中胚乳区域和糯小麦品种之间淀粉体积累的变化，这提高了对小麦籽粒养分积累和养分转移的认识。
