Pach Daniel, Hohmann Cynthia, Lüdtke Rainer, Zimmermann-Viehoff Frank, Witt Claudia M, Thiele Claudia
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Forsch Komplementmed. 2011;18(6):321-6. doi: 10.1159/000335241. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
To create a German version of the Southampton Needle Sensation Questionnaire (SNSQ) in order to measure deqi (needling sensation) in subjects receiving different forms of acupuncture and to evaluate the translated questionnaire in an acupuncture study.
A forward and backward translation procedure was applied to create a German version of the SNSQ. Discrepancies between translations were resolved by consensus. Healthy participants from an experimental acupuncture trial were asked to fill in the resulting questionnaire comprising of 17 items (none (0) to intense (3)) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain (0-100 mm) after receiving either sham or real acupuncture with or without stimulation. The questionnaire was validated using factor analysis and correlation analysis.
Questionnaires from 63 subjects (mean 27.1 years; 69.8% female) were included in the analysis. Participants tended to score toward the low end of each of the 17 items (mean sum score (± SD): 8.9 ± 7.0). Four factors with eigenvalues > 1 were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Both of the original subscales, aching deqi (AD) and tingling deqi (TD), showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: AD: 0.71; TD: 0.78) and medium test-retest reliability (AD: r = 0.538, p = 0.002; TD: r = 0.603, p < 0.001). AD feeling (r = 0.574, p < 0.001) and TD feeling (r = 0.496, p < 0.001) correlated with the VAS for pain.
Factor structure of the original questionnaire could not be reproduced with the German version of the SNSQ in an experimental setting. The questionnaire could not discriminate between pain and deqi. Further research is needed to create a German tool which is more suitable to measure deqi.
创建南安普顿针感问卷（SNSQ）的德语版本，以测量接受不同形式针灸治疗的受试者的得气（针感），并在一项针灸研究中评估翻译后的问卷。
采用正向和反向翻译程序创建SNSQ的德语版本。通过协商解决翻译之间的差异。来自一项实验性针灸试验的健康参与者在接受假针刺或真针刺（有或无刺激）后，被要求填写由此产生的包含17个项目（无（0）至强烈（3））的问卷以及疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）（0 - 100毫米）。使用因子分析和相关分析对问卷进行验证。
分析纳入了63名受试者的问卷（平均年龄27.1岁；69.8%为女性）。参与者在17个项目中的每个项目上的得分往往偏低（平均总分（±标准差）：8.9±7.0）。使用探索性因子分析确定了四个特征值>1的因子。原始的两个子量表，酸痛得气（AD）和麻胀得气（TD），均显示出良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's α：AD：0.71；TD：0.78）和中等的重测信度（AD：r = 0.538，p = 0.002；TD：r = 0.603，p < 0.001）。AD感觉（r = 0.574，p < 0.001）和TD感觉（r = 0.496，p < 0.001）与疼痛VAS相关。
在实验环境中，SNSQ德语版本无法重现原始问卷的因子结构。该问卷无法区分疼痛和得气。需要进一步研究以创建一个更适合测量得气的德语工具。
