The genetics of anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease defined by inappropriate weight loss and maintenance of body weight <85% of that expected for weight and height; it is most common in adolescent women aged 15-19 years. Numerous studies have highlighted the familial aggregation of the disease, suggesting a significant genetic component to its etiology. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different fields of genetic research--both in humans and animals--that have contributed to the understanding of this complex disorder. Candidate gene studies focusing on genes involved in the hypothalamic control of appetite and energy regulation have found genetic risk variants that increase risk for AN. A recent genome-wide association study has highlighted novel loci for further investigation in AN. Animal models and epigenetic studies are also considered; the most recent advances in each field and their contributions to the understanding of AN are emphasized.