Lotgering F K
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Instituut voor Obstetrie en Gynaecologie.
Tijdschr Kindergeneeskd. 1990 Aug;58(4):111-7.
The aim of this article is to investigate to what extent physical exercise and pregnancy affect each other. Despite an increase in metabolism at rest, the amount of oxygen available for exercise is virtually unaffected by pregnancy. The capability to perform exercise (in W) is equally unaffected, but body weight increases. As a result the maximal running speed and/or distance decreases during pregnancy. The fetus needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. During exercise uterine blood flow decreases. This decrease is linearly correlated with the intensity and the duration of exercise and the maximal reduction averages approximately 25%. Nonetheless, uterine oxygen consumption is maintained. This is the result of compensation through hemoconcentration, redistribution of blood flow within the uterus, and increased oxygen extraction. A harmful effect of physical exercise on the child in utero, such as abortion, hypoxia, or growth retardation, has not been demonstrated so far. Although exercise does not seem to be harmful during normal gestation, one should be careful in case of pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension or premature contractions.
本文旨在研究体育锻炼与怀孕在多大程度上相互影响。尽管静息代谢增加，但可供运动的氧气量实际上不受怀孕影响。运动能力（以瓦特为单位）同样不受影响，但体重会增加。因此，怀孕期间最大跑步速度和/或距离会降低。胎儿需要持续的氧气和营养供应。运动期间子宫血流量会减少。这种减少与运动强度和持续时间呈线性相关，最大减少量平均约为25%。尽管如此，子宫的氧气消耗仍能维持。这是通过血液浓缩、子宫内血流重新分布以及增加氧气摄取进行补偿的结果。迄今为止，尚未证实体育锻炼对子宫内胎儿有有害影响，如流产、缺氧或生长迟缓。虽然在正常妊娠期间运动似乎无害，但在出现妊娠并发症如妊娠高血压或早产宫缩时应谨慎。
