U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 17;46(2):916-22. doi: 10.1021/es2014105. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
Human activities on land increase nutrient loads to coastal waters, which can increase phytoplankton production and biomass and associated ecological impacts. Numeric nutrient water quality standards are needed to protect coastal waters from eutrophication impacts. The Environmental Protection Agency determined that numeric nutrient criteria were necessary to protect designated uses of Florida's waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate a reference condition approach for developing numeric water quality criteria for coastal waters, using data from Florida. Florida's coastal waters have not been monitored comprehensively via field sampling to support numeric criteria development. However, satellite remote sensing had the potential to provide adequate data. Spatial and temporal measures of SeaWiFS OC4 chlorophyll-a (Chl(RS)-a, mg m(-3)) were resolved across Florida's coastal waters between 1997 and 2010 and compared with in situ measurements. Statistical distributions of Chl(RS)-a were evaluated to determine a quantitative reference baseline. A binomial approach was implemented to consider how new data could be assessed against the criteria. The proposed satellite remote sensing approach to derive numeric criteria may be generally applicable to other coastal waters.
人类在陆地上的活动增加了营养物质负荷到沿海水域，这可能会增加浮游植物的产量和生物量，并产生相关的生态影响。需要制定数值营养水质标准来防止沿海水域受到富营养化的影响。美国环境保护署认为，需要制定数值营养标准来保护佛罗里达州指定用途的水域。本研究的目的是评估一种参考条件方法，用于开发佛罗里达州沿海水域的数值水质标准，该方法使用了来自佛罗里达州的数据。佛罗里达州的沿海水域尚未通过现场采样进行全面监测，以支持数值标准的制定。然而，卫星遥感有可能提供足够的数据。在 1997 年至 2010 年期间，对佛罗里达州沿海海域的 SeaWiFS OC4 叶绿素-a（Chl（RS）-a，mg m（-3））进行了时空测量，并与现场测量进行了比较。评估了 Chl（RS）-a 的统计分布，以确定定量参考基线。实施了二项式方法来考虑如何根据标准评估新数据。该研究提出的基于卫星遥感的数值标准推导方法可能普遍适用于其他沿海海域。
