Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2012 Jan;95(1):440-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4757.
The objective of this study was to identify DNA markers in the 4 casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3) and the 2 major whey protein genes (LALBA and LGB) that show associations with milk protein profile measured by reverse-phase HPLC. Fifty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped for cows in a unique resource population consisting of purebred Holstein and (Holstein × Jersey) × Holstein crossbred animals. Seven traits were analyzed, including concentrations of α(S)-casein (CN), β-CN, κ-CN, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and 2 additional secondary traits, the total concentration of the above 5 milk proteins and the α(S)-CN to β-CN ratio. A substantial fraction of phenotypic variation could be explained by the additive genetic component for the 7 milk protein composition traits studied. Moreover, several SNP were significantly associated with all examined traits at an experiment-wise error rate of 0.05, except for α-lactalbumin. Importantly, the significant SNP explained a large proportion of the phenotypic variation of milk protein composition. Our findings could be used for selecting animals that produce milk with desired composition or desired processing and manufacturing properties.
本研究的目的是鉴定在 4 种酪蛋白基因（CSN1S1、CSN1S2、CSN2 和 CSN3）和 2 种主要乳清蛋白基因（LALBA 和 LGB）中与反相高效液相色谱法测定的乳蛋白图谱相关的 DNA 标记物。在一个由纯种荷斯坦牛和（荷斯坦牛×泽西牛）×荷斯坦杂交牛组成的独特资源群体中，对 53 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行了基因型分析。分析了 7 个性状，包括 α(S)-酪蛋白（CN）、β-CN、κ-CN、α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白以及另外 2 个次要性状，即上述 5 种乳蛋白的总浓度和 α(S)-CN 与 β-CN 的比值。7 个乳蛋白组成性状的表型变异的很大一部分可以用加性遗传成分来解释。此外，除了 α-乳白蛋白外，有几个 SNP 与所有检查的性状都显著相关，在 0.05 的实验误差率下。重要的是，显著的 SNP 解释了乳蛋白组成的表型变异的很大一部分。我们的研究结果可用于选择具有所需组成或所需加工和制造特性的牛奶的动物。
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