Public Health and Disability Unit, Scientific Directorate, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Feb;91(13 Suppl 1):S173-80. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31823d54be.
Engel applied the term biopsychosocial to medicine to emphasize the need to take into account the psychologic and social aspects of medical practice. After an overview of the history of the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, we review criticisms of the model to reformulate its deficiencies and then analyze its application in mental health care. The objectives of this paper are 4-fold: (1) to examine the use of the BPS model since Engel's 1977 article to the present; (2) to examine the reasons for the popularity of the BPS model as well as the problems it faces when applied to mental health care; (3) to introduce two instruments, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the INTERMED, which implement the BPS model; and (4) to show why the BPS model is not yet a model of mental health practice. A total of 62 publications were retrieved and reviewed in the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and 32 of them were eventually included in this review. This is the first review of the studies published that applied the BPS model in mental health in the last 33 yrs. These criticisms are used to construct a more workable vision of the BPS model of clinical practice.
恩格尔将“生物心理社会”一词应用于医学，以强调需要考虑医学实践中的心理和社会方面。在对生物心理社会（BPS）模型的历史进行概述之后，我们回顾了对该模型的批评，以重新制定其缺陷，然后分析其在心理健康护理中的应用。本文的目的有四：（1）检查自恩格尔 1977 年的文章发表以来 BPS 模型的使用情况；（2）检查 BPS 模型流行的原因以及将其应用于精神卫生保健所面临的问题；（3）介绍两种工具，即《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》和 INTERMED，它们实施 BPS 模型；（4）展示为什么 BPS 模型还不是心理健康实践的模型。在 ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中检索并回顾了总共 62 篇出版物，其中最终包括 32 篇。这是对过去 33 年中在精神卫生领域应用 BPS 模型的研究进行的首次综述。这些批评被用来构建一个更可行的临床实践 BPS 模型的愿景。
