J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Jan-Feb;19(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.09.003.
Endometrial polyps are a common gynecologic disease that may be symptomatic, with abnormal vaginal bleeding being the most common presentation. They may be found incidentally in symptom-free women investigated for other indications. Increasing age is the most important risk factor, with medications such as tamixifen also implicated. Specific populations at risk include women with infertility. Malignancy arising in polyps is uncommon, and specific risks for malignancy include increasing age and postmenopausal bleeding. Management may be conservative, with up to 25% of polyps regressing, particularly if less than 10 mm in size. Hysteroscopic polypectomy remains the mainstay of management, and there are no differences for outcomes in the modality of hysteroscopic removal. Symptomatic postmenopausal polyps should be excised for histologic assessment, and removal of polyps in infertile women improves fertility outcomes. Blind removal is not indicated where instrumentation for guided removal is available. Surgical risks associated with hysteroscopic polypectomy are low.
子宫内膜息肉是一种常见的妇科疾病，可能有症状，最常见的表现是异常阴道出血。无症状的妇女因其他原因接受检查时也可能偶然发现。年龄增长是最重要的危险因素，他莫昔芬等药物也与之相关。有患病风险的特定人群包括不孕妇女。息肉恶变并不常见，恶变的特定风险包括年龄增长和绝经后出血。治疗方法可以是保守的，多达 25%的息肉会消退，尤其是息肉小于 10 毫米时。宫腔镜息肉切除术仍然是主要的治疗方法，宫腔镜切除方式对结果没有差异。绝经后有症状的息肉应切除进行组织学评估，不孕妇女切除息肉可改善生育结局。在有仪器引导的情况下，不建议盲目切除。宫腔镜息肉切除术的手术相关风险较低。
