Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
Cancer Lett. 2014 Jan 28;342(2):264-74. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.026. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
Prostate, bladder, kidney and testis cancers, the most common genitourinary (GU) neoplasms, are generally clinically silent at their earliest stages when curative treatment is most likely successful. However, there are no consensual guidelines for GU cancer screening and available methods are characterized by suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, standard clinical and pathological parameters meet with important limitations in the assessment of prognosis in an individual basis. Herein, we focus on the development of epigenetic-based GU cancer biomarkers, which have emerged from exploratory studies in recent years and that hold the promise to revolutionize the clinical management of GU cancer patients.
前列腺癌、膀胱癌、肾癌和睾丸癌是最常见的泌尿生殖系统（GU）肿瘤，在早期阶段通常没有明显的临床症状，此时最有可能成功进行治愈性治疗。然而，目前还没有关于 GU 癌症筛查的共识指南，并且现有的方法存在敏感性和特异性不佳的特点。此外，标准的临床和病理参数在评估个体预后方面存在重要的局限性。在此，我们重点介绍基于表观遗传的 GU 癌症生物标志物的研究进展，这些标志物是近年来的探索性研究中出现的，有望彻底改变 GU 癌症患者的临床管理。
