Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA2608, Institute of Biology, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2012 Mar;26(2):269-79. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.009. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
The major herbicide used worldwide, Roundup, is a glyphosate-based pesticide with adjuvants. Glyphosate, its active ingredient in plants and its main metabolite (AMPA) are among the first contaminants of surface waters. Roundup is being used increasingly in particular on genetically modified plants grown for food and feed that contain its residues. Here we tested glyphosate and its formulation on mature rat fresh testicular cells from 1 to 10000ppm, thus from the range in some human urine and in environment to agricultural levels. We show that from 1 to 48h of Roundup exposure Leydig cells are damaged. Within 24-48h this formulation is also toxic on the other cells, mainly by necrosis, by contrast to glyphosate alone which is essentially toxic on Sertoli cells. Later, it also induces apoptosis at higher doses in germ cells and in Sertoli/germ cells co-cultures. At lower non toxic concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate (1ppm), the main endocrine disruption is a testosterone decrease by 35%. The pesticide has thus an endocrine impact at very low environmental doses, but only a high contamination appears to provoke an acute rat testicular toxicity. This does not anticipate the chronic toxicity which is insufficiently tested, and only with glyphosate in regulatory tests.
全球广泛使用的主要除草剂是含有助剂的草甘膦农药。草甘膦是植物中的活性成分及其主要代谢物（AMPA）是地表水的首批污染物之一。特别是在用于食品和饲料的转基因植物上，越来越多地使用草甘膦，这些植物含有其残留。在这里，我们在 1 到 10000ppm 的范围内（从一些人类尿液和环境中的浓度到农业水平），测试了草甘膦及其制剂对成熟大鼠新鲜睾丸细胞的影响。我们发现，从 1 到 48 小时接触草甘膦，间质细胞受损。在 24-48 小时内，这种制剂对其他细胞也有毒性，主要是通过坏死，而草甘膦单独作用主要是对支持细胞有毒性。之后，它还会在更高剂量下诱导生殖细胞和支持细胞/生殖细胞共培养物中的细胞凋亡。在较低的非毒性浓度（1ppm）的草甘膦和草甘膦制剂下，主要的内分泌干扰是睾酮降低 35%。因此，这种农药在非常低的环境剂量下就具有内分泌影响，但只有高污染似乎才会引起急性大鼠睾丸毒性。这并没有预测到慢性毒性，监管测试中只测试了草甘膦的慢性毒性。
