Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University.
Psychol Aging. 2012 Jun;27(2):318-23. doi: 10.1037/a0026378. Epub 2011 Dec 26.
The present study used longitudinal data on 182 adults between the ages of 20 and 54 (104 men, 78 women) from the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study (RALS), assessed on four occasions, to test the hypothesis that identity and intimacy during the course of early and middle adulthood predict well-being at midlife. A cross-lagged panel model was estimated yielding the following findings: (a) Scores on both scales during the college years predicted midlife satisfaction-intimacy directly, and identity through the course of development from ages 20 to 54; moreover, identity in midlife, but not intimacy, was significantly linked with well-being at this same point in time; and (b) identity and intimacy unexpectedly did not predict one another over time, having been controlled for factor stability in identity and intimacy over time. The findings are discussed in terms of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development and the developmental moments and historical cohorts that characterize the present sample.
本研究使用了来自罗切斯特成人纵向研究（RALS）的 182 名年龄在 20 至 54 岁之间的成年人（104 名男性，78 名女性）的纵向数据，在四个时间点上进行了评估，以检验以下假设：在成年早期和中期的过程中，身份认同和亲密关系可以很好地预测中年时的幸福感。估计了交叉滞后面板模型，得出以下发现：（a）大学期间的两个量表的分数直接预测了中年的满意度-亲密感，并且通过从 20 岁到 54 岁的发展过程预测了身份认同；此外，中年时的身份认同，而不是亲密感，与此时的幸福感显著相关；（b）在控制了身份认同和亲密感随时间的稳定性因素后，身份认同和亲密感在时间上并没有相互预测。研究结果从埃里克森的心理社会发展理论以及本研究样本所具有的发展时刻和历史群体两个方面进行了讨论。
