Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 May;13(6):819-26. doi: 10.2174/138920112800399284.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas resulting from the degradation of heme by heme oxygense or from fatty acid oxidation. Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are constitutively expressed in the kidney (HO-2) and HO-1 is induced in the kidney in response to several physiological and pathological stimuli. While the beneficial actions of HO in the kidney have been recognized for some time, the important role of CO in mediating these effects has not been fully examined. Recent studies using CO inhalation therapy and carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) have demonstrated that increases in CO alone can be beneficial to the kidney in several forms of acute renal injury by limiting oxidative injury, decreasing cell apoptosis, and promoting cell survival pathways. Renal CO is also emerging as a major regulator of renal vascular and tubular function acting to protect the renal vasculature against excessive vasoconstriction and to promote natriuresis by limiting sodium reabsorption in tubule cells. Within this review, recent studies on the physiological actions of CO in the kidney will be explored as well as the potential therapeutic avenues that are being developed targeting CO in the kidney which may be beneficial in diseases such as acute renal failure and hypertension.
一氧化碳（CO）是一种内源性气体，由血红素氧合酶或脂肪酸氧化作用导致血红素降解而产生。血红素氧合酶（HO）在肾脏中持续表达（HO-2），HO-1 在受到多种生理和病理刺激时在肾脏中被诱导。虽然 HO 在肾脏中的有益作用已经被认识了一段时间，但 CO 在介导这些作用中的重要作用尚未得到充分研究。最近使用 CO 吸入治疗和一氧化碳释放分子（CORMs）的研究表明，单独增加 CO 就可以通过限制氧化损伤、减少细胞凋亡和促进细胞存活途径，对几种急性肾损伤形式的肾脏有益。肾脏 CO 也正在成为肾脏血管和管状功能的主要调节剂，通过防止肾脏血管过度收缩和通过限制肾小管细胞中钠的重吸收来促进排钠，从而保护肾脏血管。在这篇综述中，将探讨 CO 在肾脏中的生理作用的最新研究，以及针对肾脏中 CO 的潜在治疗途径，这可能对急性肾衰竭和高血压等疾病有益。
