BioMolecular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012 Jan 1;17(5):1846-60. doi: 10.2741/4023.
Adenylate-uridylate rich elements (AREs) in the 3'UTRs of many transiently expressed genes regulate mRNA instability and translation. Such ARE-genes are involved in vital biological processes like cellular growth, differentiation, and immunity. Defects in their expression contribute to a variety of disease conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mode of regulation of AREs containing mRNAs by RNA-binding proteins, miRNAs, and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the less documented sequence variation affecting ARE functions and its relation to disease. We discuss reports describing genetic polymorphisms, alternative polyadenylation, and alternative splicing that can lead to the loss or gain of function of AREs, often with significant implications to disease.
富含腺苷酸-尿苷酸的元件（AREs）存在于许多瞬时表达基因的 3'UTR 中，调节 mRNA 的不稳定性和翻译。这些 ARE 基因参与细胞生长、分化和免疫等重要的生物学过程。其表达缺陷导致多种疾病状态，如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、糖尿病以及心血管和慢性炎症性疾病。在过去的二十年中，人们在理解 RNA 结合蛋白、miRNA 和信号通路对含有 ARE 的 mRNA 的调控模式方面取得了相当大的进展。本综述重点介绍了影响 ARE 功能的、但相关文件记录较少的序列变异及其与疾病的关系。我们讨论了描述遗传多态性、可变多聚腺苷酸化和可变剪接的报告，这些都可能导致 ARE 功能的丧失或获得，这通常对疾病有重要影响。
