Sharma Usha K, Schito Marco, Welte Alex, Rousseau Christine, Fitzgibbon Joseph, Keele Brandon, Shapiro Stuart, McMichael Andrew, Burns David N
Prevention Sciences Program (PSP), Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-7628, USA.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Jun;28(6):532-9. doi: 10.1089/aid.2011.0332. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
Reliable methods for measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence are a high priority for HIV prevention. They are particularly important to assess the population-level effectiveness of new prevention strategies, to evaluate the community-wide impact of ongoing prevention programs, and to assess whether a proposed prevention trial can be performed in a timely and cost-efficient manner in a particular population and setting. New incidence assays and algorithms that are accurate, rapid, cost-efficient, and can be performed on easily-obtained specimens are urgently needed. On May 4, 2011, the Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), sponsored a 1-day workshop to examine strategies for developing new assays to distinguish recent from chronic HIV infections. Participants included leading investigators, clinicians, public health experts, industry, regulatory specialists, and other stakeholders. Immune-based parameters, markers of viral sequence diversity, and other biomarkers such as telomere length were evaluated. Emerging nanotechnology and chip-based diagnostics, including algorithms for performing diverse assays on a single platform, were also reviewed. This report summarizes the presentations, panel discussions, and the consensus reached for pursuing the development of a new generation of HIV incidence assays.
可靠的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）发病率测量方法是HIV预防工作的重中之重。对于评估新预防策略在人群层面的有效性、评估现行预防项目在社区范围内的影响，以及评估一项拟议的预防试验能否在特定人群和环境中及时且经济高效地开展而言，这些方法尤为重要。迫切需要准确、快速、经济高效且能够对易于获取的标本进行检测的新发病率检测方法和算法。2011年5月4日，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）下属的国家过敏和传染病研究所（NIAID）艾滋病司（DAIDS）主办了一场为期一天的研讨会，以探讨开发新检测方法以区分近期HIV感染和慢性HIV感染的策略。与会者包括顶尖研究人员、临床医生、公共卫生专家、业界人士、监管专家及其他利益相关者。基于免疫的参数、病毒序列多样性标志物以及其他生物标志物（如端粒长度）均得到了评估。还对新兴的纳米技术和基于芯片的诊断方法进行了审查，包括在单一平台上进行多种检测的算法。本报告总结了研讨会的演讲内容、小组讨论情况以及就推动新一代HIV发病率检测方法的开发所达成的共识。
