Department of Health Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2012 Jan;18(1):CR39-43. doi: 10.12659/msm.882200.
Persons with an optimistic attitude do not give up despite obstacles and failures. Optimistic athletes compete more out of hope for success than out of fear of defeat. The purpose of my research was to determine if optimism also promotes good health behavior in athletes.
MATERIAL/METHODS: In order to measure the role of optimism in shaping the health behavior of athletes, I examined a group of women (N=147) and men (N=385) who were currently in training for athletic competition. The control group consisted of women (N=262) and men (N=435) who were not and had never been competitive athletes. The "O-P" Attitude Questionnaire was used to measure optimism, while health behavior was measured with the Juczynski Health Behavior Inventory, which measures proper nutrition habits, preventive behavior, positive attitude, and healthy practices.
The level of pessimism in these athletes was average. The female athletes were less pessimistic than the female controls. A similar, highly significant difference occurred between the male athletes and non-athletes. Gender did not differentiate the level of optimism in either group. Among the women, optimism correlated with healthy practices, such as daily sleep and recreation habits, or physical activity. The greater the pessimism increased, positive attitudes declined in the female controls, the female athletes, and the male controls.
The athletes displayed greater optimism than the controls. Among the women, optimism correlated with good health practices.
具有乐观态度的人不会因为障碍和失败而放弃。乐观的运动员竞争更多是出于对成功的希望，而不是出于对失败的恐惧。我研究的目的是确定乐观是否也能促进运动员的良好健康行为。
材料/方法：为了确定乐观在塑造运动员健康行为中的作用，我调查了一组正在为竞技比赛进行训练的女性（N=147）和男性（N=385）运动员。对照组由没有参加过竞技比赛的女性（N=262）和男性（N=435）组成。使用“O-P”态度问卷来衡量乐观程度，而健康行为则使用 Juczynski 健康行为量表来衡量，该量表衡量适当的营养习惯、预防行为、积极的态度和健康的做法。
这些运动员的悲观程度处于平均水平。女运动员比女对照组的悲观程度要低。男运动员和非运动员之间也存在类似的显著差异。性别并没有使两组的乐观程度产生差异。在女性中，乐观与健康行为相关，例如每天的睡眠和娱乐习惯，或身体活动。女性对照组、女性运动员和男性对照组中，悲观程度越高，积极态度越低。
运动员比对照组更乐观。在女性中，乐观与良好的健康行为相关。
