Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Fungal Biol. 2012 Jan;116(1):121-32. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
Entomopathogenic fungi are widely used as biological control agents against a broad range of insect and arachnid pests. However, the control efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi is variable because of unfavourable and fluctuating environmental conditions and intrinsic factors. One strategy to enhance entomopathogenic fungi efficacy is a combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and low dosages of pesticides. These sub-lethal dosages of chemicals can increase the control efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi but only if they do not affect the fungi. Adverse effects could include the inhibition of germination and/or vegetative growth as well as conidiogenesis. The present study investigated the in vitro effects of different concentrations of fipronil, permethrin, imidacloprid, NeemAzal, and amitraz as potential candidates for combined applications on two strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (MA). MA was inoculated on a medium amended with five different concentrations (0.32-200 ppm) of the abovementioned pesticides. The germination, vegetative growth, and sporulation were evaluated. The results showed, according to a physiology parameter compatibility classification, that all pesticides were compatible with both tested MA strains. Only fipronil in the higher dose rates of 40 and 200 ppm was close to moderately toxic to MA-7. Furthermore, only higher concentrations of the pesticides caused a slight inhibition (about 15%) of conidial germination and a reduction in colony size. Sporulation was reduced at most by approximately 50% by 40 or 200 ppm of fipronil or amitraz, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to use the tested pesticides in combination with either strain of MA for an integrated pest management approach. Studies on the effect of these combinations on target organisms are in progress.
昆虫病原真菌被广泛用作防治广泛的昆虫和蛛形纲害虫的生物防治剂。然而，由于不利和波动的环境条件和内在因素，昆虫病原真菌的控制效果是可变的。增强昆虫病原真菌功效的一种策略是将昆虫病原真菌与低剂量的农药联合使用。这些亚致死剂量的化学物质可以提高昆虫病原真菌的控制效率，但前提是它们不会影响真菌。不利影响可能包括抑制萌发和/或营养生长以及分生孢子形成。本研究调查了不同浓度的氟虫腈、氯菊酯、吡虫啉、印楝素和双甲脒作为联合应用的潜在候选物对两种昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌（MA）的体外影响。MA 接种在含有上述五种不同浓度（0.32-200 ppm）农药的培养基上。评估了萌发、营养生长和产孢。结果表明，根据生理参数相容性分类，所有农药与两种测试的 MA 菌株均相容。只有氟虫腈在 40 和 200 ppm 的较高剂量率下对 MA-7 接近中度毒性。此外，只有较高浓度的农药才会轻微抑制（约 15%）分生孢子萌发并降低菌落大小。孢子形成最多减少约 50%由 40 或 200 ppm 的氟虫腈或双甲脒分别引起。因此，可以将测试的农药与 MA 的任一种菌株联合使用，用于综合害虫管理方法。正在进行这些组合对靶标生物影响的研究。
