Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Spain.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2012 Feb 15;153(3):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.011. Epub 2011 Nov 20.
A total of 226 chicken samples (carcasses, legs, wings, necks and breasts) were obtained (73 in 1993 and 153 in 2006) from 10 retail outlets in North-Western Spain and screened for the presence of Salmonella. Isolates were subjected to serotyping, phage typing (Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (15 antimicrobials; disk diffusion method). Salmonella was detected in 40 (55%) samples in 1993 and 19 (12.4%) in 2006 (P<0.001). The serotypes (S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Poona, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Newport and S. Typhimurium) and phage types (1, 4, 14b and 35 in the case of S. Enteritidis and 193 for S. Typhimurium) detected are among the main types responsible for human salmonellosis in Spain. All strains were multi-resistant (resistant to 3-13 antimicrobials). The average number of resistances per strain increased (P<0.05) from 3.98 in 1993 to 5.00 in 2006. An increase in the incidence of resistance was observed between 1993 and 2006 for cephalothin (P<0.01), enrofloxacin (P<0.001) and tetracycline (P<0.01). The decreases in the prevalence of Salmonella between 1993 and 2006 suggest that the mandatory measures introduced over the last decade in the European Union to reduce the incidence of Salmonella in poultry have apparently been successful. However, the increase in antibiotic resistance rates is of concern and constitutes a threat to public health. Because the data in this study demonstrated that chicken in North-Western Spain is a potential source of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains, the need of consumer education on good sanitary practices is highlighted.
从西班牙西北部的 10 个零售点共获得 226 份鸡样本（鸡肉、鸡腿、鸡翅、鸡颈和鸡胸）（1993 年 73 份，2006 年 153 份），以筛查沙门氏菌的存在。对分离物进行血清型鉴定、噬菌体分型（肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）和抗菌药物敏感性测试（15 种抗菌药物；纸片扩散法）。1993 年，40 份（55%）样本中检出沙门氏菌，2006 年 19 份（12.4%）检出（P<0.001）。检测到的血清型（肠炎沙门氏菌、波那沙门氏菌、婴儿沙门氏菌、纽波特沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）和噬菌体型（肠炎沙门氏菌的 1、4、14b 和 35 型和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的 193 型）属于西班牙引起人类沙门氏菌病的主要类型。所有菌株均为多药耐药（对 3-13 种抗菌药物耐药）。每株菌株的耐药平均数量增加（P<0.05），1993 年为 3.98，2006 年为 5.00。1993 年至 2006 年期间，头孢噻肟（P<0.01）、恩诺沙星（P<0.001）和四环素（P<0.01）的耐药率均有所上升。1993 年至 2006 年间，沙门氏菌的流行率下降表明，过去十年欧盟为减少家禽中沙门氏菌的发病率而采取的强制性措施显然取得了成功。然而，抗生素耐药率的上升令人担忧，对公共健康构成威胁。由于本研究的数据表明，西班牙西北部的鸡肉是抗生素耐药性沙门氏菌的潜在来源，因此需要对消费者进行良好卫生习惯的教育。
