PhD,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Am Hochsträß 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Psychosom Med. 2012 Jan;74(1):107-13. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31823ba787. Epub 2011 Dec 30.
Attention and assessment biases are part of body image disturbances shown by patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this article was to study these biases by using eye movement analyses.
As stimuli, the study used 24 standardized pictures showing young women and a standardized picture of the respective study participant. With an eye movement tracer, we were able to determine what body areas that the study participants look at. The study participants were also asked to rate the attractiveness of the stimuli. Data from 35 patients with AN and 32 healthy controls were included.
Patients with AN judge their own body areas as being less attractive than the controls on a rating scale from 1 to 5 (e.g., breasts: mean [standard deviation] = 0.9 [1.0] versus 2.2 [0.8], p < .001). They were also more critical in their assessment of the bodies of others (e.g., attractiveness of people with ideal weight: 2.1 [0.9] versus 2.8 [0.5], p < .001). They spent less time looking at their own breasts (1.8 [0.9] versus 2.2 [1.0] seconds, p = .09) but significantly more time at their thighs (1.1 [0.6] versus 0.8 [0.4] seconds, p = .05).
The results confirm the assumption of cognitive biases. The differences, however, are often small and vary greatly.
注意和评估偏差是厌食症（AN）患者体像障碍的一部分。本文旨在通过眼动分析来研究这些偏差。
研究使用了 24 张标准化的年轻女性图片和一张标准化的研究参与者图片作为刺激。我们使用眼动追踪器来确定研究参与者观看的身体区域。研究参与者还被要求对刺激的吸引力进行评分。共有 35 名 AN 患者和 32 名健康对照者的数据被纳入研究。
AN 患者在 1 到 5 的评分量表上，对自己身体区域的吸引力评价低于对照组（例如，乳房：平均值[标准差]=0.9[1.0]与 2.2[0.8]，p<0.001）。他们对他人身体的评估也更为苛刻（例如，对理想体重人群的吸引力：2.1[0.9]与 2.8[0.5]，p<0.001）。他们看自己乳房的时间明显减少（1.8[0.9]秒与 2.2[1.0]秒，p=0.09），但看大腿的时间明显增加（1.1[0.6]秒与 0.8[0.4]秒，p=0.05）。
这些结果证实了认知偏差的假设。然而，这些差异通常很小且差异很大。
