Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;53(6):695-705. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
Many disorders in childhood and adolescence were already present in the preschool years. However, there is little empirical research on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be published.
All children born in 2003 or 2004 in the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible children) whose parents consented to take part in the study (N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250 children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%) completed.
The estimated population rate for any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis - 6.4%) was 7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%), and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were seen in children whose parents did not live together and in those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders than girls.
The prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at this early age. These results underscore the fact that the most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be lower than in the USA.
许多儿童和青少年时期的障碍在学前阶段已经存在。然而，关于幼儿期精神障碍的患病率，实证研究很少。使用结构化诊断工具的真正社区研究尚未公布。
所有 2003 年或 2004 年出生于挪威特隆赫姆市的儿童，参加了针对 4 岁儿童的常规社区健康检查（符合条件的儿童中有 97.2%参加了检查），其父母同意参加研究（N=2475，82.0%），用长处与困难问卷（SDQ）筛查行为和情绪问题。1250 名儿童的筛检分层样本参加了进一步的综合研究，包括结构化诊断访谈（学前期精神评估，PAPA），995 名父母（79.6%）完成了访谈。
任何精神障碍（不包括遗粪症-6.4%）的估计人群患病率为 7.1%。最常见的障碍是注意缺陷多动障碍（1.9%）、对立违抗性障碍（1.8%）、品行障碍（0.7%）、焦虑障碍（1.5%）和抑郁障碍（2.0%）。障碍之间的共病很常见。父母不住在一起和社会经济地位较低的儿童中，情绪和行为障碍较多。男孩比女孩更常患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和抑郁障碍。
学龄前儿童的疾病患病率低于美国以前的研究。共病频繁，在这个早期年龄，ADHD 和抑郁更常见于男性。这些结果强调了这样一个事实，即最常见的儿童疾病已经可以在学龄前儿童中诊断出来。然而，挪威的疾病发生率可能低于美国。
