Duthie G G, Robertson J D, Maughan R J, Morrice P C
Biochemistry Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990 Oct;282(1):78-83. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90089-h.
The relationship between prolonged exercise, oxidative stress, and the protective capacity of the antioxidant defense system has been determined. Venous blood samples were removed from seven trained athletes before and up to 120 h after completion of a half-marathon for measurements of blood antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, and indices of lipid peroxidation. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, an index of muscle damage, increased (P less than 0.05) to a maximum 24 h after the race but this was not accompanied by changes in conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are indices of lipid peroxidation. An increase (P less than 0.05) in plasma cholesterol concentration (4%) immediately after the race was similar to the change in plasma volume (6%). However, transient increases (P less than 0.05) immediately postrace in the plasma concentrations of uric acid (24%), vitamin A (18%), and vitamin C (34%) were only partly accounted for by the fluid shifts. The immediate postrace increases in alpha- and gamma-tocopherol did not attain statistical significance. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by the exercise but the alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations progressively increased (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively) up to 48 h postrace. Paradoxically, 24 h after the race erythrocyte susceptibility to in vitro peroxidation was markedly elevated (P less than 0.01). This enhanced susceptibility to peroxidation was maintained even at 120 h postrace and did not correspond to changes in the age of the red cell population. A decrease (P less than 0.001) in total erythrocyte glutathione immediately after the half-marathon was mainly due to a reduction in the reduced form (GSH). The results show that when trained athletes run a comparatively short distance sufficient to result in some degree of muscle damage but which is insufficient to cause elevations in plasma indices of lipid peroxidation, significant alterations in erythrocyte antioxidant status do occur.
长时间运动、氧化应激与抗氧化防御系统保护能力之间的关系已被确定。在7名训练有素的运动员完成半程马拉松之前及之后长达120小时内，采集静脉血样，用于检测血液中的抗氧化剂、抗氧化酶以及脂质过氧化指标。血浆肌酸激酶（CK）活性是肌肉损伤的一个指标，在比赛结束后24小时达到最高值（P<0.05），但这并未伴随共轭二烯和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）的变化，而这两者是脂质过氧化的指标。比赛结束后即刻血浆胆固醇浓度升高4%（P<0.05），与血浆容量变化6%相似。然而，比赛结束后即刻血浆尿酸浓度升高24%、维生素A升高18%、维生素C升高34%（P<0.05），这些变化仅有部分可由体液转移来解释。比赛结束后即刻α-生育酚和γ-生育酚的升高未达到统计学显著性。红细胞抗氧化酶活性不受运动影响，但α-生育酚和γ-生育酚浓度在比赛结束后48小时内逐渐升高（分别为P<0.001和P<0.05）。矛盾的是，比赛结束后24小时红细胞对体外过氧化的敏感性显著升高（P<0.01）。这种对过氧化增强的敏感性在比赛结束后120小时仍保持，且与红细胞群体的年龄变化无关。半程马拉松结束后即刻红细胞总谷胱甘肽减少（P<0.001），主要是由于还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）减少。结果表明，当训练有素的运动员跑一段相对较短的距离，足以导致一定程度的肌肉损伤，但不足以引起血浆脂质过氧化指标升高时，红细胞抗氧化状态确实会发生显著改变。
