Józefik Barbara
Klinika Psychiatrii Dzieci i Młodziezy UJ CM.
Psychiatr Pol. 2011 Sep-Oct;45(5):737-48.
It is impossible to think about psychotherapy without reference to the cultural context. In order to understand the development of this domain it is helpful to apply the concept of cultural discourse. When we think about the over one hundred years' history of psychotherapy it becomes clear that understanding of a person, his/her difficulties, psychopathology, the role of a psychotherapist, psychotherapy and its limitations have been changing. It depended on the acknowledged epistemological horizon. Therefore it is important to observe the process of creating discourses related to psychotherapeutic "reality". These discourses are not simply descriptive but they participate in creation of reality. They are not neutral, on the contrary, their application has broad practical, theoretical, ethical and legal consequences. An attempt to describe the culture, or better cultures, we are immersed in, is an attempt to describe the identity of contemporary psychotherapists. This article, referring to the constructionists' perspective and works of Michael Foucault, presents how cultural changes influence psychotherapists' ways of thinking, their practice and presence in social space.
如果不考虑文化背景，就无法思考心理治疗。为了理解这一领域的发展，应用文化话语的概念会有所帮助。当我们思考心理治疗一百多年的历史时，就会清楚地发现，对人的理解、他/她的困难、精神病理学、心理治疗师的角色、心理治疗及其局限性一直在变化。这取决于公认的认识论视野。因此，观察与心理治疗“现实”相关的话语创造过程很重要。这些话语不仅仅是描述性的，它们还参与了现实的创造。它们不是中立的，相反，它们的应用具有广泛的实践、理论、伦理和法律后果。试图描述我们所沉浸其中的一种或多种文化，就是试图描述当代心理治疗师的身份。本文参考建构主义者的观点和米歇尔·福柯的著作，阐述了文化变迁如何影响心理治疗师的思维方式、他们的实践以及在社会空间中的存在。
