Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Dec;130(6):4097-104. doi: 10.1121/1.3652861.
Absolute pitch, the rare ability to identify or produce a musical tone without a reference tone, has been shown to be advantageous in some musical tasks; however, its relevance in musical contexts primarily involving relative pitch has been questioned. To explore this issue, 36 trained musicians-18 absolute pitch possessors and 18 non-possessors with equivalent age of onset and duration of musical training-were tested on interval naming tasks requiring only relative pitch. The intervals to be named were either ascending or descending with separation ranging from 1 to 12 semitones and equally involved all 12 pitch classes. Three different conditions were employed; these used brief sine waves, piano tones, and piano tones preceded by a V7-I chord cadence so as to establish a tonal context. The possession of absolute pitch was strongly correlated with enhanced performance on all these tests of relative pitch. Furthermore, no evidence was found that this absolute pitch avantage depended on key, interval size, or musical context.
绝对音高，即无需基准音即可识别或产生音乐音高的罕见能力，已被证明在某些音乐任务中具有优势；然而，其在主要涉及相对音高的音乐语境中的相关性一直受到质疑。为了探讨这个问题，研究人员测试了 36 名受过训练的音乐家——18 名绝对音高拥有者和 18 名非拥有者，他们的起始年龄和音乐训练时间相当——在仅需要相对音高的音程命名任务上。要命名的音程是上升或下降的，音程间隔从 1 个半音到 12 个半音不等，并且均等涉及 12 个音高等级。研究采用了三种不同的条件；这些条件使用了短正弦波、钢琴音和钢琴音，前面是 V7-I 和弦终止式，以建立一个音高的语境。绝对音高的拥有与在所有这些相对音高测试中的出色表现密切相关。此外，没有证据表明这种绝对音高优势取决于调式、音程大小或音乐语境。
