School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Maturitas. 2012 Mar;71(3):279-86. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
To investigate the prevalence of established modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer in Queensland (Australia) women.
Cross-sectional prevalence study of 9792 women (58% of women sent the questionnaire) attending BreastScreen Queensland Screening and Assessment Services between November 2008 and February 2009. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each risk factor, stratified by age-group (45-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, ≥70 years).
First-degree family history (FH) of breast cancer (mother, sister, daughter), reproductive history, behavioural factors, co-morbidities, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and alternatives, and socio-demographic factors.
The prevalence of first-degree FH of breast cancer was 16% and a previous diagnosis of breast cancer was 3.5%; both are considered major risk factors for breast cancer. The prevalence of modifiable breast cancer risk factors of moderate risk were: current HRT use (12%), HRT use within the past 5 years (7%), overweight [body mass index 25-29] (33%) or obesity [BMI>30] (27%), alcohol consumption [≥11 drinks/week] (10%), sedentary behaviour (70%), and low fruit (34%) and vegetable consumption (69%). These risk factors tended to be higher in younger women (45-49 years) compared to older women (>50 years).
Prevalence of risk factors in Queensland women were largely consistent with other Australian and international studies. Hormone therapy use is lower than previously reported estimates in Australia and internationally. The comparatively high prevalence of modifiable lifestyle factors which have been shown to be moderately associated with breast cancer are potential targets for reducing the public health burden of breast cancer.
调查与昆士兰州（澳大利亚）女性乳腺癌相关的已确定可改变和不可改变的风险因素的流行情况。
2008 年 11 月至 2009 年 2 月期间，对参加昆士兰乳房筛查和评估服务的 9792 名女性（邮寄问卷的女性中有 58%做出了回应）进行横断面流行率研究。按年龄组（45-49 岁、50-59 岁、60-69 岁、≥70 岁）对每个风险因素进行了患病率和 95%置信区间的计算。
一级乳腺癌家族史（母亲、姐妹、女儿）、生育史、行为因素、合并症、激素替代疗法（HRT）和替代疗法的使用情况以及社会人口统计学因素。
一级乳腺癌家族史的患病率为 16%，既往乳腺癌诊断率为 3.5%；两者均被认为是乳腺癌的主要危险因素。中度风险的可改变乳腺癌风险因素的患病率为：当前使用 HRT（12%）、过去 5 年内使用 HRT（7%）、超重（体重指数 25-29）（33%）或肥胖（BMI>30）（27%）、饮酒[≥11 份/周]（10%）、久坐行为（70%）以及低水果（34%）和蔬菜（69%）摄入量。这些风险因素在较年轻的女性（45-49 岁）中比年龄较大的女性（>50 岁）更为常见。
昆士兰女性的风险因素患病率与其他澳大利亚和国际研究基本一致。HRT 的使用量低于澳大利亚和国际上之前的报告估计值。可改变的生活方式因素的患病率较高，这些因素已被证明与乳腺癌中度相关，是降低乳腺癌公共卫生负担的潜在目标。
