Meng X J
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2012 Mar;59 Suppl 1:85-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01291.x. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
In the past two decades or so, a number of viruses have emerged in the global swine population. Some, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), cause economically important diseases in pigs, whereas others such as porcine torque teno virus (TTV), now known as Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV) and related novel parvoviruses, porcine kobuvirus, porcine toroviruses (PToV) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV), are mostly subclinical in swine herds. Although some emerging swine viruses such as swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV), porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) and porcine sapovirus (porcine SaV) may have a limited clinical implication in swine health, they do pose a potential public health concern in humans due to zoonotic (swine HEV) or potential zoonotic (porcine SaV) and xenozoonotic (PERV, PLHV) risks. Other emerging viruses such as Nipah virus, Bungowannah virus and Menangle virus not only cause diseases in pigs but some also pose important zoonotic threat to humans. This article focuses on emerging and re-emerging swine viruses that have a limited or uncertain clinical and economic impact on pig health. The transmission, epidemiology and pathogenic potential of these viruses are discussed. In addition, the two economically important emerging viruses, PRRSV and PCV2, are also briefly discussed to identify important knowledge gaps.
在过去二十年左右的时间里，全球猪群中出现了多种病毒。其中一些病毒，如猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2），可导致猪群发生具有经济重要性的疾病，而其他一些病毒，如猪环曲病毒（现称为猪环曲病毒属病毒，TTSuV）、猪博卡病毒（PBoV）及相关新型细小病毒、猪柯萨奇病毒、猪环曲病毒（PToV）和猪嗜淋巴细胞疱疹病毒（PLHV），在猪群中大多呈亚临床感染。尽管一些新出现的猪病毒，如猪戊型肝炎病毒（swine HEV）、猪内源性逆转录病毒（PERV）和猪萨波病毒（porcine SaV），对猪健康的临床影响可能有限，但由于存在人畜共患病（猪戊型肝炎病毒）或潜在人畜共患病（猪萨波病毒）以及异种人畜共患病（PERV、PLHV）风险，它们确实对人类公共卫生构成潜在威胁。其他新出现的病毒，如尼帕病毒、邦戈瓦纳病毒和门格勒病毒，不仅可导致猪发病，而且其中一些还对人类构成重要的人畜共患病威胁。本文重点关注对猪健康具有有限或不确定临床和经济影响的新出现及再次出现的猪病毒。文中讨论了这些病毒的传播、流行病学及致病潜力。此外，还简要讨论了两种具有经济重要性的新出现病毒PRRSV和PCV2，以确定重要的知识空白。
