Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2021 Sep 1;99(9). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab238.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grading levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet of weaned pigs, as well as the effects of a supplementation with antioxidants (AOX), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), and their combination on the growth, AOX status, and immune and vaccine responses against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At weaning, 336 piglets were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: basal diet (CTRL); basal diet containing DON at 1.2 mg/kg (DON1.2); basal diet containing DON at 2.4 mg/kg (DON2.4); DON2.4 diet + a mix of AOX which included vitamins A and E at 20,000 IU and 200 IU/kg feed respectively, selenized yeast at 0.3 mg/kg, and a grape seed extracts at 100 mg/kg feed (DON2.4 + AOX); DON2.4 diet + the mix of AOX and the modified HSCAS mentioned above (DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS); DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS. Pigs were vaccinated against PRRSV and PCV2 at 7 d; on 0, 14, and 35 d, growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the oxidative status, inflammatory blood markers, lymphocyte blastogenic response, and vaccine antibody response. Increasing intake of DON resulted in a quadratic effect at 35 d in the lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A and PCV2 as well as in the anti-PRRSV antibody response, whereas the catalase activity decreased in DON2.4 pigs compared with the CTRL and DON1.2 groups (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the DON2.4 diet, the AOX supplementation slightly reduced gain to feed ratio (P = 0.026) and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as α-tocopherol concentration (P < 0.05), whereas the association of AOX + HSCAS increased the anti-PRRSV IgG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the HSCAS supplement reduced haptoglobin levels in serum at 14 d compared with the DON2.4 group; however, its concentration decreased in all the experimental treatments from 14 to 35 d and particularly in the DON2.4 + AOX pigs, whereas a different trend was evidenced in the DON2.4 + HSCAS group, where over the same period haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results show that the addition of AOX and HSCAS in the diet may alleviate the negative effects due to DON contamination on the AOX status and immune response of vaccinated weanling pigs.
本研究旨在评估断奶仔猪日粮中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）分级水平的影响，以及添加抗氧化剂（AOX）、水化钠钙铝硅酸钠（HSCAS）及其组合对生长、AOX 状态以及对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和猪圆环病毒 2 型（PCV2）的免疫和疫苗反应的影响。在断奶时，根据随机完全区组设计，将 336 头仔猪分配到六种日粮处理中。处理如下：基础日粮（CTRL）；基础日粮中添加 1.2mg/kg 的 DON（DON1.2）；基础日粮中添加 2.4mg/kg 的 DON（DON2.4）；DON2.4 日粮+包含维生素 A 和 E 的 AOX 混合物，分别为 20,000IU 和 200IU/kg 饲料，硒化酵母 0.3mg/kg，以及 100mg/kg 饲料的葡萄籽提取物（DON2.4+AOX）；DON2.4 日粮+上述改良的 HSCAS 和 AOX 混合物（DON2.4+AOX+HSCAS）；DON2.4+AOX+HSCAS。猪在 7 日龄时接种 PRRSV 和 PCV2；在 0、14 和 35 日龄时，记录生长性能，并采集血液样本，以评估氧化状态、炎症血液标志物、淋巴细胞转化反应和疫苗抗体反应。在 35 日龄时，DON 摄入量的增加对刀豆球蛋白 A 和 PCV2 的淋巴细胞增殖反应以及抗 PRRSV 抗体反应呈二次效应，而与 CTRL 和 DON1.2 组相比，DON2.4 组的过氧化氢酶活性降低（P≤0.05）。与 DON2.4 日粮相比，AOX 补充剂略微降低了增重与饲料比（P=0.026），并增加了血浆的铁还原能力和α-生育酚浓度（P<0.05），而 AOX+HSCAS 的联合使用增加了抗 PRRSV IgG（P<0.05）。此外，与 DON2.4 组相比，HSCAS 补充剂在 14 日龄时降低了血清中的触珠蛋白水平；然而，在所有实验处理中，从 14 日龄到 35 日龄，其浓度均下降，特别是在 DON2.4+AOX 猪中，而在 DON2.4+HSCAS 组中则出现了不同的趋势，在同一时期，触珠蛋白浓度增加（P<0.05）。总体而言，我们的结果表明，日粮中添加 AOX 和 HSCAS 可能缓解 DON 污染对免疫接种断奶仔猪 AOX 状态和免疫反应的负面影响。
