Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Center of Infectious Diseases & Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Virol J. 2023 Jun 13;20(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02090-3.
Xenotransplantation is considered a solution for the shortage of organs, and pigs play an indispensable role as donors in xenotransplantation. The biosecurity of pigs, especially the zoonotic viruses carried by pigs, has attracted attention. This review introduces several viruses, including porcine endogenous retroviruses that are integrated into the pig genome in a DNA form, herpesviruses that have been proven to clearly affect recipient survival time in previous xenotransplant surgeries, the zoonotic hepatitis E virus, and the widely distributed porcine circoviruses. The detail virus information, such as structure, caused diseases, transmission pathways, and epidemiology was introduced in the current review. Diagnostic and control measures for these viruses, including detection sites and methods, vaccines, RNA interference, antiviral pigs, farm biosecurity, and drugs, are discussed. The challenges faced, including those posed by other viruses and newly emerged viruses, and the challenges brought by the modes of transmission of the viruses are also summarized.
异种器官移植被认为是解决器官短缺问题的一种方法，而猪作为异种移植的供体发挥着不可或缺的作用。猪的生物安全性，特别是猪携带的人畜共患病毒，引起了人们的关注。本综述介绍了几种病毒，包括整合到猪基因组中的 DNA 形式的猪内源性逆转录病毒、在先前的异种移植手术中已被证明明显影响受体存活时间的疱疹病毒、人畜共患的戊型肝炎病毒以及广泛分布的猪圆环病毒。目前的综述介绍了这些病毒的详细病毒信息，如结构、引起的疾病、传播途径和流行病学。还讨论了针对这些病毒的诊断和控制措施，包括检测部位和方法、疫苗、RNA 干扰、抗病毒猪、农场生物安全和药物。还总结了所面临的挑战，包括其他病毒和新出现病毒带来的挑战，以及病毒传播方式带来的挑战。
