Nakayama H, Osawa M, Maruyama S
Tokyo Women's Medical College, Department of Neurology, Japan.
No To Shinkei. 1990 Aug;42(8):765-71.
New Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to ninety-five individuals to assess the effects of age on frontal lobe functions. The correlations between ages and scores were evaluated in the following five subgroups which were classified into whole subjects (TOL, n = 95), normals and patients who were neurologically diagnosed as only having cervical spondylosis (NOR, n = 20), individuals whose age-corrected total intelligence quotients (TIQ) by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were higher than or equal to 100 (HIQ, n = 30), individuals whose TIQ were less than 100 (LIQ, n = 27), and individuals whose Mini-Mental State Examination scores were full (MMS, n = 28). Scores of the WCST including Categories Achieved, Total Errors, Difficulty of Maintaining Set and Perseveration were significantly correlated to ages in four groups such as TOL, NOR, HIQ, and MMS. The correlation of WCST's scores of the four groups indicated almost the same tendency. Some subcategories of the WCST, indicating perservation which were characteristic signs of the frontal lobe dysfunction correlated with ages in these four groups. The groups indicating NOR, HIQ, and MMS were thought to be regarded as being normal controls. And, the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination were not correlated with ages. So, the WCST scores of the MMS group were no thought to be effected by the age-related decline of intelligence. The results might suggest that the age-related decline of the frontal lobe function precedes that of intelligence.
对95名个体进行了新改良的威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST），以评估年龄对额叶功能的影响。在以下五个亚组中评估年龄与得分之间的相关性，这五个亚组分别为全部受试者（TOL，n = 95）、经神经学诊断仅患有颈椎病的正常人和患者（NOR，n = 20）、通过韦氏成人智力量表进行年龄校正后的总智商（TIQ）高于或等于100的个体（HIQ，n = 30）、TIQ低于100的个体（LIQ，n = 27）以及简易精神状态检查表得分正常的个体（MMS，n = 28）。WCST的得分，包括分类数、总错误数、维持定势困难和持续性错误，在TOL、NOR、HIQ和MMS这四个组中与年龄显著相关。这四个组的WCST得分相关性显示出几乎相同的趋势。WCST的一些子类别，表明持续性错误，这是额叶功能障碍的特征性体征，与这四个组的年龄相关。NOR、HIQ和MMS组被认为可作为正常对照。并且，简易精神状态检查表的得分与年龄无关。因此，MMS组的WCST得分被认为不受与年龄相关的智力下降的影响。结果可能表明，与年龄相关的额叶功能下降先于智力下降。
