Samochowiec Agnieszka, Horodnicki Jan M, Samochowiec Jerzy
Katedra i Klinika Psychiatrii PUM w Szczecinie.
Psychiatr Pol. 2011 May-Jun;45(3):337-47.
The aim of this work was to investigate differences in parents' personality and dopaminergic and serotoninergic gene polymorphisms which may affect certain predispositions to alcohol dependence as described in the typology developed by R. Cloninger and O.M. Lesch. Also the possibility of recognising their genotypes DRD4 (Gene ID: 1815A ) and 5HTT (Gene ID: 6532) could be helpful in predicting predisposition to addiction.
A total number of 213 individuals (71 Polish trios), Caucasian families were investigated. Fathers' mean age was: 61.7 +/- 10.8 and mothers were 59 +/- 10 years old. None of the parents fulfilled the criteria of alcohol dependence. The alcohol dependent probands were male, with confirmed biological descent, mean age: 35.2 +/- 9.7 years. In all the participants TCI was performed. Characterisation of alcohol dependence and the course of withdrawal were obtained by SSAGA. Specially designed questionnaires based on Cloninger and Lesch typologies were used. The essential data on both parents was collected and AUDIT was performed. DRD4 and 5HTT gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR and TDT test was calculated.
TDT analysis showed no differences in the transmission of alleles of 5HTT and DRD4 genes in the investigated families. The analysis of TCI personality profiles confirmed no statistically significant relations between Cloninger 1 and 2 subtypes of alcoholics. A statistically significant difference was recorded between the scores for groups I and II classified according to Lesch's typology in dimensions NS, NS2 and NS4. Fathers of probands characterised as type I according to Cloninger had statistically lower scores in dimension C and C5 in comparison to type II fathers. Fathers of type II alcoholics according to Lesch's typology had higher NS2. Mothers of type I alcoholics according to Cloninger had statistically lower scores in dimension HA2 in comparison with type II mothers.
On the basis of the above presented findings it can be stated that there might be specific interactions between personality traits in alcohol dependent probands and their parents. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to establish whether this relationship may have a predictive value, which may implicate therapeutic implications, as proposed by the clinical algorithm of O. M. Lesch.
本研究旨在调查父母的人格差异以及多巴胺能和血清素能基因多态性，这些因素可能影响如R. 克隆宁格和O.M. 莱斯所提出的酒精依赖类型中的某些易感性。此外，识别他们的DRD4（基因ID：1815A）和5HTT（基因ID：6532）基因型有助于预测成瘾易感性。
共调查了213名个体（71个波兰三人家庭），均为白种人家庭。父亲的平均年龄为：61.7±10.8岁，母亲为59±10岁。父母均不符合酒精依赖标准。酒精依赖先证者为男性，有确定的生物学血缘关系，平均年龄：35.2±9.7岁。对所有参与者进行了气质性格问卷（TCI）测试。通过半结构酒精及药物使用史访谈（SSAGA）获得酒精依赖及戒断过程的特征。使用基于克隆宁格和莱斯类型学专门设计问卷。收集了父母双方的基本数据并进行了酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确定DRD4和5HTT基因多态性，并计算传递不平衡检验（TDT）。
TDT分析显示，在所调查家庭中，5HTT和DRD4基因的等位基因传递无差异。对TCI人格特征分析证实，克隆宁格1型和2型酒精依赖者之间无统计学显著关系。根据莱斯类型学分类的I组和II组在NS、NS2和NS4维度上得分存在统计学显著差异。根据克隆宁格分类为I型先证者的父亲在C维度和C5维度上的得分统计学上低于II型父亲。根据莱斯类型学分类为II型酒精依赖者的父亲NS2得分较高。根据克隆宁格分类为I型酒精依赖者的母亲在HA2维度上的得分统计学上低于II型母亲。
基于上述研究结果可以表明，酒精依赖先证者及其父母的人格特质之间可能存在特定的相互作用。然而，需要进一步研究以确定这种关系是否具有预测价值，这可能如O.M. 莱斯的临床算法所提出的那样具有治疗意义。
