Kiss Aliz, Fries Elke
Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck, Germany.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Feb;14(2):697-703. doi: 10.1039/c2em10826g. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
The anticorrosive agents 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BT), 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4 Me-BT) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5 Me-BT), which are usually added to dishwasher detergents, automotive antifreeze formulations and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids (ADAFs), were measured in river water. Samples were collected from 15 sampling sites in the mainstream and selected tributaries of a medium-sized catchment area during summer and winter periods. The aim of this study was to assess a seasonal source influence on mass flows of benzotriazoles (BTs). The study area was representatively selected for an area with a possible influence of airport surface runoff. River discharge measurements were also performed. Moreover, BT concentrations were measured in an anti-icing and a de-icing fluid used at German airports as well as in several dishwasher detergents. The highest concentrations of all three compounds in river water were measured during the winter seasons. The maximum BT mass flows were calculated for all three substances in January when the mean monthly air temperature was the lowest; mass flows were the lowest in July when the mean monthly air temperature was the highest. A significant seasonal influence on BT mass flows in river water was observed for monitoring stations with a possible influence of airport surface runoff and for sampling locations where such an influence could be excluded. This indicates an input of BTs from other temperature-dependent applications, e.g. the use of antifreeze formulations in automotive windscreen wiper or cooling systems. 1H-BT was detected in two dishwasher tablets; 4 Me-BT and 5 Me-BT were not detected. BTs were measured in the anti-icing fluid with concentrations of 715 ng g(-1) (1H-BT), 1425 ng g(-1) (4 Me-BT) and 536 ng g(-1) (5 Me-BT); none of the BTs were detected in the de-icing fluid. Distribution patterns of BTs in ADAF and dishwasher detergents differed from those in river water.
通常添加到洗碗机洗涤剂、汽车防冻液配方和飞机除冰/防冰液（ADAF）中的防腐剂1H-苯并三唑（1H-BT）、4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑（4 Me-BT）和5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑（5 Me-BT）在河水中进行了测量。在夏季和冬季，从一个中等流域面积的主流和选定支流的15个采样点采集了样本。本研究的目的是评估季节源对苯并三唑（BTs）质量流量的影响。该研究区域是具有机场地表径流潜在影响的区域的代表性选择。还进行了河流流量测量。此外，对德国机场使用的一种防冰液和一种除冰液以及几种洗碗机洗涤剂中的BT浓度进行了测量。河水中所有三种化合物的最高浓度在冬季测量到。当平均月气温最低时，1月份计算出所有三种物质的最大BT质量流量；当平均月气温最高时，7月份质量流量最低。对于可能受机场地表径流影响的监测站以及可以排除这种影响的采样地点，观察到河水中BT质量流量存在显著季节性影响。这表明BTs来自其他与温度相关的应用输入，例如汽车挡风玻璃刮水器或冷却系统中防冻液配方的使用。在两片洗碗机片剂中检测到1H-BT；未检测到4 Me-BT和5 Me-BT。在防冰液中测量到BTs，浓度分别为715 ng g(-1)（1H-BT）、1425 ng g(-1)（4 Me-BT）和536 ng g(-1)（5 Me-BT）；在除冰液中未检测到任何BTs。BTs在ADAF和洗碗机洗涤剂中的分布模式与河水中不同。
