Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Apr;146(4):659-63. doi: 10.1177/0194599811431414. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children increases the incidence of upper respiratory infections, chronic sinusitis, and chronic otitis media. This study investigated the effects of ex vivo and in vitro smoke exposure on dynamic ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in pediatric adenoid explants.
Blinded and controlled prospective study.
Tertiary care pediatric hospital.
Fifty-five children undergoing adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy were enrolled in this study. Adenoids were surgically removed using currettage. Hair was collected for nicotine analysis. Tissue was sectioned into 1-mm strips and allowed to equilibrate in DMEM/F12 with 2% fetal bovine serum for 24 hours. Cilia-bearing explant tissues were treated with either DMEM/F12 media, 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE), or 10% CSE for 24 hours. Cilia were then stimulated using either isoproterenol (10(-9) M) or methacholine (10(-6)M), and CBF was serially recorded using the Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) software.
Children with hair nicotine levels ≥ 1 ng/mg consistent with secondhand smoke exposure display blunted dynamic CBF response ex vivo. Explants incubated with CSE in vitro demonstrate significant impairment of isoproterenol and methacholine-induced CBF.
CBF of adenoid explants increases when stimulated with isoproterenol and methacholine. Ex vivo and in vitro smoke exposure blunted ciliostimulation of CBF in adenoid explants. Smoke exposure impairs ciliary function in the pediatric airway and could potentially contribute to disorders such as chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic otitis media.
儿童暴露于环境烟草烟雾中会增加上呼吸道感染、慢性鼻窦炎和慢性中耳炎的发病率。本研究旨在探讨体外和体内烟雾暴露对小儿腺样体组织动态纤毛摆动频率（CBF）的影响。
双盲对照前瞻性研究。
三级儿童保健医院。
本研究纳入 55 名因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和腺样体扁桃体肥大而行腺样体切除术的儿童。使用刮匙切除腺样体。采集头发进行尼古丁分析。将组织切成 1mm 宽的条带，在含 2%胎牛血清的 DMEM/F12 中平衡 24 小时。用 DMEM/F12 培养基、5%香烟烟雾提取物（CSE）或 10% CSE 处理带纤毛的组织 24 小时。然后用异丙肾上腺素（10-9 M）或乙酰甲胆碱（10-6 M）刺激纤毛，使用 Sisson-Ammons 视频分析（SAVA）软件连续记录 CBF。
头发中尼古丁含量≥1ng/mg，提示存在二手烟暴露的儿童，其体外动态 CBF 反应减弱。体外孵育 CSE 的组织显示异丙肾上腺素和乙酰甲胆碱诱导的 CBF 显著受损。
异丙肾上腺素和乙酰甲胆碱刺激时，腺样体组织的 CBF 增加。体外和体内烟雾暴露会减弱腺样体组织对 CBF 的纤毛刺激。烟雾暴露会损害小儿气道的纤毛功能，并可能导致慢性鼻-鼻窦炎和慢性中耳炎等疾病。
