Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire Adaptations Travail Individu, Centre Henri Piéron, UFR Institut de Psychologie, 71, Avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45 Suppl:41-4. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.024. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
This paper describes research that aims to provide the overall scientific basis for implementation of a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) for French regional airlines. The current research has evaluated the use of different tools and indicators that would be relevant candidates for integration into the FRMS. For the Fatigue Risk Management component, results show that biomathematical models of fatigue are useful tools to help an airline to prevent fatigue related to roster design and for the management of aircrew planning. The Fatigue Safety assurance includes two monitoring processes that have been evaluated during this research: systematic monitoring and focused monitoring. Systematic monitoring consists of the analysis of existing safety indicators such as Air Safety Reports (ASR) and Flight Data Monitoring (FDM). Results show a significant relationship between the hours of work and the frequency of ASR. Results for the FDM analysis show that some events are significantly related to the fatigue risk associated with the hours of works. Focused monitoring includes a website survey and specific in-flight observations and data collection. Sleep and fatigue measurements have been collected from 115 aircrews over 12-day periods (including rest periods). Before morning duties, results show a significant sleep reduction of up to 40% of the aircrews' usual sleep needs leading to a clear increase of fatigue during flights. From these results, specific guidelines are developed to help the airlines to implement the FRMS and for the airworthiness to oversight the implementation of the FRMS process.
本文描述了旨在为法国地区航空公司实施疲劳风险管理系统（FRMS）提供全面科学依据的研究。目前的研究评估了使用不同的工具和指标，这些工具和指标将是 FRMS 整合的相关候选者。对于疲劳风险管理部分，结果表明，疲劳的生物数学模型是帮助航空公司防止与轮班设计和机组人员计划管理有关的疲劳的有用工具。疲劳安全保障包括已在这项研究中评估的两个监测过程：系统监测和重点监测。系统监测包括对现有的安全指标的分析，如航空安全报告（ASR）和飞行数据监测（FDM）。结果表明，工作时间与 ASR 频率之间存在显著关系。FDM 分析的结果表明，一些事件与与工作时间相关的疲劳风险明显相关。重点监测包括网站调查以及特定的飞行中观察和数据收集。从 115 名机组人员在 12 天的时间内（包括休息时间）收集了睡眠和疲劳测量数据。在早上执行任务之前，结果显示，多达 40%的机组人员的睡眠时间明显减少，导致飞行期间的疲劳明显增加。根据这些结果，制定了具体的指导方针，以帮助航空公司实施 FRMS，并确保适航性监督 FRMS 流程的实施。
