Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Germany.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012 Jun;125(6):440-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
To explore whether the increase in knowledge about the biological correlates of mental disorders over the last decades has translated into improved public understanding of mental illness, increased readiness to seek mental health care and more tolerant attitudes towards mentally ill persons.
A systematic review of all studies on mental illness-related beliefs and attitudes in the general population published before 31 March 2011, examining the time trends of attitudes with a follow-up interval of at least 2 years and using national representative population samples. A subsample of methodologically homogeneous studies was further included in a meta-regression analysis of time trends.
Thirty-three reports on 16 studies on national time trends met our inclusion criteria, six of which were eligible for a meta-regression analysis. Two major trends emerged: there was a coherent trend to greater mental health literacy, in particular towards a biological model of mental illness, and greater acceptance of professional help for mental health problems. In contrast, however, no changes or even changes to the worse were observed regarding the attitudes towards people with mental illness.
Increasing public understanding of the biological correlates of mental illness seems not to result in better social acceptance of persons with mental illness.
探讨过去几十年间，人们对精神障碍生物学相关因素的了解增加是否转化为对精神疾病的理解度提高、寻求精神卫生保健的意愿增强和对精神疾病患者的态度更为宽容。
系统检索截至 2011 年 3 月 31 日之前发表的所有普通人群中有关精神疾病相关信念和态度的研究，考察态度的时间趋势，随访间隔至少为 2 年，采用全国代表性的人群样本。进一步对方法学同质的研究进行亚组分析。
33 项关于 16 项全国时间趋势的研究报告符合纳入标准，其中 6 项符合元回归分析的纳入标准。出现了两个主要趋势：心理健康素养呈整体提高趋势，尤其是对精神疾病生物学模型的理解，以及对精神卫生问题寻求专业帮助的意愿增强。然而，人们对精神疾病患者的态度却没有变化，甚至还有所恶化。
公众对精神障碍生物学相关因素的理解度增加似乎并未导致对精神疾病患者的社会接纳度提高。
