Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 May 15;83(10):1319-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.027. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Extensive research has led to the firm conclusion that antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and its associated pathological conditions including inflammation. It has also been established that inflammation is a precursor in neoplastic transformation of the prostate. Although, a vast body of experimental and clinical evidence shows efficacy of antioxidants as preventive strategies for prostate cancer, there is a lack of consistent agreement in outcomes especially from recent large-scale randomized clinical trials. Despite these concerns, our understanding of the preventive mechanisms as well as clinical efficacy and safety data indicate that novel antioxidant therapeutics still hold great promise for prostate cancer chemoprevention. We propose that for effective use of antioxidants for prostate cancer prevention, further high impact translational research is needed with special attention on selecting those patients who will benefit from such intervention. Therefore, it is important to validate predictive biomarkers from successful trials and combine this with knowledge of preclinical characterization of antioxidants (and combinations) that will eventually facilitate the development of 'personalized prostate cancer chemoprevention'. In this review, we briefly describe some common and emerging antioxidants that have shown benefits in preclinical and clinical settings. Above all, we focus on summarizing the progress we made thus far in prostate cancer chemoprevention using antioxidants, the heightened interest and challenges in the future.
大量研究得出了一个坚定的结论，即抗氧化剂可以保护细胞免受氧化应激及其相关病理状况（包括炎症）造成的损害。此外，炎症也是前列腺肿瘤发生的前期病变。尽管大量的实验和临床证据表明抗氧化剂作为前列腺癌的预防策略具有疗效，但最近的大规模随机临床试验的结果并没有得到一致的认可。尽管存在这些担忧，但我们对预防机制以及临床疗效和安全性数据的理解表明，新型抗氧化治疗仍然为前列腺癌的化学预防带来了巨大的希望。我们提出，为了有效地将抗氧化剂用于前列腺癌的预防，需要进一步开展具有高影响力的转化研究，特别关注选择那些将从这种干预中受益的患者。因此，从成功的试验中验证预测性生物标志物，并结合对抗氧化剂（和组合）的临床前特征的了解，最终将有助于开发“个性化前列腺癌化学预防”。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了一些在临床前和临床环境中显示出益处的常见和新兴抗氧化剂。最重要的是，我们专注于总结迄今为止我们在使用抗氧化剂预防前列腺癌方面所取得的进展，以及未来的兴趣和挑战。
