Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Feb;46(1):147-53. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102012000100018.
To identify predictive indicators of institutionalization of the elderly.
A case-control study was carried out with 991 elderly individuals in the city of Pelotas, (Southern Brazil), from 2007 to 2008. The cases of institutionalized elderly adults (n = 393) were detected using a census of all long-stay institutions for the elderly in the city. The population controls (n = 598) were randomly selected using a comprehensive health survey. Pearson's chi-square test and linear trends were used to compare groups in the crude analysis; and the binary logistic regression model of the adjusted analysis, with the effects expressed as odds ratios.
Institutionalization was more frequent in females (OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.31, 2.95). Elderly with advanced age (OR = 3.23 and OR = 9.56 for age groups 70-79 and > 80 years, respectively), those who lived without a partner (single, divorced or widowed), and those who had no formal schooling or had a functional disability preventing them from performing basic activities for daily living were more likely to be institutionalized. An inverse trend between the incidence of elderly institutionalization and the level of physical activity was observed, where somewhat active and inactive subjects were more likely to be institutionalized (OR = 1.71 and OR = 4.73, respectively).
Of the factors examined, age > 80 years, living without a partner and being physically inactive were the indicators most strongly associated with institutionalization. The encouragement of informal care through cultural and educational activities focused on the role of the family in caring for the elderly can prevent the institutionalization of these individuals.
确定老年人机构化的预测指标。
这是一项病例对照研究，于 2007 年至 2008 年在巴西南部城市佩洛塔斯（Pelotas）对 991 名老年人进行了研究。通过对全市所有长期老年人机构的普查，发现了机构化老年人（n=393）的病例。使用综合健康调查随机选择了 598 名人口对照（n=598）。在粗分析中，使用 Pearson's chi-square 检验和线性趋势比较组间差异；在调整分析中，使用二元逻辑回归模型，以比值比表示效应。
女性（OR=1.96，95%CI 1.31-2.95）的机构化发生率更高。高龄（OR=3.23 和 OR=9.56，年龄组分别为 70-79 岁和>80 岁）、无伴侣生活（单身、离异或丧偶）、无正规教育或存在功能障碍（无法进行日常生活活动）的老年人更有可能被机构化。老年人机构化发生率与身体活动水平呈负相关，有些活跃和不活跃的老年人更有可能被机构化（OR=1.71 和 OR=4.73）。
在所检查的因素中，年龄>80 岁、无伴侣生活和身体不活动是与机构化最密切相关的指标。通过文化和教育活动鼓励非正式护理，关注家庭在照顾老年人方面的作用，可以防止这些人被机构化。
