Department of Dermatology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Aug;13(10):1898-913. doi: 10.2174/138920112802273173.
The human sebaceous gland is a microscopic branched type multiacinar gland been present everywhere on the body except on the palms and soles, whereas they are sparsely located on the dorsum of hands and feet. Several medical conditions are related with sebaceous gland pathology, such as acne, sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous carcinoma. Acne is a common, complex, chronic disorder of the human pilosebaceous unit that mostly occurs in adolescence and young adulthood. The sebaceous gland plays an exquisite role in the initiation of the disease. The multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of acne includes increased sebum production, alteration of the quality of sebum lipids, inflammatory processes, interaction with neuropeptides and dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, follicular hyperkeratinization and inflammation maintained by Propionbacterium acnes products within the follicle. On the other hand, the sebaceous gland, as a major and critical compartment of human skin, is also affected through ageing, both intrinsic and extrinsic, which lead to distinct clinical and histological changes. Intrinsic ageing of the sebaceous gland is determined primarily by genetic factors and hormonal status, with androgens playing a major role. A clinical manifestation associated with intrinsic ageing changes is skin xerosis. Extrinsic ageing of human sebaceous gland is mainly caused by accumulating UV irradiation, especially UVA. Photoageing of sebaceous gland is expressed with a wide spectrum of benign and malignant sebaceous tumours, such as sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous carcinoma and Muir-Torre syndrome. This review will focus on the pathogenesis of the most common sebaceous gland diseases and their molecular pathways which may represent future pharmaceutical targets.
人体皮脂腺是一种微小的分支型多泡腺，存在于除手掌和脚底以外的身体各处，而手掌和脚底的皮脂腺则分布稀疏。几种医学病症与皮脂腺病理学有关，如痤疮、皮脂腺增生、皮脂腺腺瘤和皮脂腺癌。痤疮是一种常见的、复杂的、慢性的人类毛发皮脂腺单位疾病，主要发生在青少年和成年早期。皮脂腺在疾病的发生中起着至关重要的作用。痤疮的发病机制具有多因素性，包括皮脂分泌增加、皮脂脂质质量改变、炎症过程、与神经肽的相互作用以及激素微环境的失调、滤泡内的痤疮丙酸杆菌产物导致的滤泡过度角化和炎症。另一方面，皮脂腺作为人体皮肤的主要和关键部位，也会受到内在和外在因素的老化影响，导致明显的临床和组织学变化。皮脂腺的内在老化主要由遗传因素和激素状态决定，雄激素起着主要作用。与内在老化变化相关的临床表现是皮肤干燥。人类皮脂腺的外在老化主要是由积累的紫外线辐射引起的，尤其是 UVA。皮脂腺的光老化表现为广泛的良性和恶性皮脂腺肿瘤，如皮脂腺增生、皮脂腺癌和 Muir-Torre 综合征。本综述将重点介绍最常见的皮脂腺疾病的发病机制及其分子途径，这些途径可能代表未来的药物靶点。
