Landry M L
Virology Reference Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516.
Clin Biochem. 1990 Aug;23(4):267-77. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(90)80053-l.
Since 1982, numerous studies have been published utilizing a variety of hybridization techniques to detect viral nucleic acid directly in clinical specimens and in tissue sections. However, hybridization techniques are still not widely used in the clinical laboratory. Other recent advances, such as the development of monoclonal antibodies for virus identification and ELISA kits for virus detection, and the introduction of centrifugation cultures for rapid diagnosis, have postponed the clinical application of hybridization techniques. Furthermore, the use of hybridization for diagnosis has been limited by its insensitivity when compared to cell culture, the need for radioisotopes to increase sensitivity, and the difficulties inherent in transferring a basic research tool to the clinical laboratory. Nevertheless, with recently developed amplification techniques and further advances in nonradioactive labelling of probes, it can be expected that nucleic acid hybridization will be an established technique in diagnostic laboratories in the near future.
自1982年以来，已经发表了大量利用各种杂交技术直接在临床标本和组织切片中检测病毒核酸的研究。然而，杂交技术在临床实验室中仍未得到广泛应用。其他近期进展，如用于病毒鉴定的单克隆抗体的开发和用于病毒检测的ELISA试剂盒，以及用于快速诊断的离心培养法的引入，都推迟了杂交技术的临床应用。此外，与细胞培养相比，杂交诊断的不敏感性、增加敏感性对放射性同位素的需求以及将基础研究工具转移到临床实验室所固有的困难，都限制了杂交技术在诊断中的应用。尽管如此，随着最近开发的扩增技术以及探针非放射性标记的进一步进展，可以预期核酸杂交在不久的将来将成为诊断实验室中的一项成熟技术。
