NSW Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW.
Med J Aust. 2012 Jan 16;196(1):46-9. doi: 10.5694/mja11.10838.
To describe the epidemiology and toxicity of caffeinated energy drink exposures in Australia.
DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Retrospective observational study analysing data from calls regarding energy drink exposures recorded in the database of an Australian poisons information centre over 7 years to 2010.
Type of exposure; co-ingestants; symptoms reported; and reported hospitalisations.
Callers reported 297 exposures to energy drinks, which showed an increasing annual trend from 12 in 2004 to 65 in 2010. Median age for the 217 subjects with recreational exposure was 17 years (interquartile ratio [IQR], 15-21; range, 11-60) and 57% were male. One hundred recreational users co-ingested other substances, predominantly alcohol (50) or other caffeinated products (44). The number of energy drinks consumed in one session varied greatly (median, 5 units; IQR, 3-8; range, 1-80). Most subjects who reported recreational use reported experiencing symptoms (87%). The most common symptoms were palpitations, agitation, tremor and gastrointestinal upset. Twenty-one subjects had signs of serious cardiac or neurological toxicity, including hallucinations, seizures, arrhythmias or cardiac ischaemia. At least 128 subjects (57 with no co-ingestants) required hospitalisation.
Reports of caffeine toxicity from energy drink consumption are increasing, particularly among adolescents, warranting review and regulation of the labelling and sale of these drinks. Educating adolescents and increasing the community's awareness of the hazards from energy drinks is of paramount importance.
描述澳大利亚含咖啡因能量饮料暴露的流行病学和毒性。
设计、设置和研究对象：对澳大利亚毒物信息中心数据库中 7 年来（截至 2010 年）记录的能量饮料暴露相关电话数据进行回顾性观察性研究。
暴露类型；共摄入物；报告的症状；以及报告的住院情况。
拨打者报告了 297 例能量饮料暴露，从 2004 年的 12 例呈逐年递增趋势，至 2010 年增至 65 例。217 例娱乐性暴露者的中位年龄为 17 岁（四分位间距[IQR]，15-21；范围，11-60），57%为男性。100 例娱乐性使用者共摄入其他物质，主要为酒精（50 例）或其他含咖啡因产品（44 例）。一次性摄入的能量饮料数量差异很大（中位数，5 单位；IQR，3-8；范围，1-80）。大多数报告娱乐性使用的患者均出现症状（87%）。最常见的症状有心悸、激动、震颤和胃肠道不适。21 例患者出现严重心脏或神经系统毒性的迹象，包括幻觉、癫痫发作、心律失常或心肌缺血。至少有 128 例患者（57 例无共摄入物）需要住院治疗。
能量饮料消费导致咖啡因毒性的报告越来越多，尤其是在青少年中，因此有必要对这些饮料的标签和销售进行审查和监管。教育青少年并提高社区对能量饮料危害的认识至关重要。
