Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Aug;51(7):557-65. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.820311. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
This pilot study assessed the prevalence of physiologic and behavioral adverse effects among adolescent (13-17 years) and adult (18-25 years) emergency department patients who reported energy drink and/or caffeinated-only beverage use within the 30 days prior to emergency department presentation. It was hypothesized that energy drink users would report more adverse effects than those who used only traditional caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, or soft drinks.
This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in two urban emergency departments, one adult and one pediatric. Eligible patients were enrolled during a 6-week period between June and August 2010. Participants completed a tablet computer-based, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire about their past 30-day energy drink and/or caffeinated-only beverage use, substance use, and experience of 10 physiologic and 10 behavioral symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and substance use, were created to compare the occurrence of each adverse effect between energy drink and caffeinated-only beverage users. Odds ratios (ORs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated.
Of those enrolled, 53.3% reported consuming energy drinks, 39.1% caffeinated-only beverages, and 7.6% no energy drinks or caffeinated-only beverages within the past 30 days. In multivariable logistic regression models, energy drink users were more likely than caffeinated-only beverage users to report having "gotten into trouble at home, school, or work" in the past 30 days (OR: 3.12 [1.24-7.88]). In the negative binomial regression multivariable models, more behavioral effects were reported among drug users (IRR: 1.50 [1.18-1.93]), and more physiologic effects were reported among tobacco users (IRR: 1.42 [1.13-1.80]) and females (IRR: 1.48 [1.21-1.80]), but not among energy drink users.
Energy drink users and substance users are more likely to report specific physiologic and behavioral adverse effects. Emergency department clinicians should consider asking patients about energy drink and traditional caffeine usage and substance use when assessing patient symptoms.
本研究旨在评估在急诊就诊前 30 天内报告使用能量饮料和/或含咖啡因饮料的青少年（13-17 岁）和成年（18-25 岁）患者中，生理和行为不良影响的发生率。假设能量饮料使用者报告的不良影响多于仅使用传统含咖啡因饮料（如咖啡、茶或软饮料）的患者。
这是一项在两个城市急诊部进行的横断面研究，一个成人急诊部和一个儿科急诊部。符合条件的患者于 2010 年 6 月至 8 月期间在为期 6 周的时间内参与研究。参与者通过平板电脑完成了一项自我管理的匿名问卷，内容涉及他们过去 30 天的能量饮料和/或含咖啡因饮料使用情况、物质使用情况以及 10 种生理症状和 10 种行为症状的体验。使用多变量逻辑回归和负二项回归模型，调整年龄、性别和物质使用情况，比较能量饮料和含咖啡因饮料使用者发生每种不良影响的情况。估计比值比（ORs）和发病率比（IRRs）。
在纳入的患者中，53.3%报告在过去 30 天内饮用能量饮料，39.1%饮用含咖啡因的饮料，7.6%既不饮用能量饮料也不饮用含咖啡因的饮料。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，与仅饮用含咖啡因饮料的患者相比，能量饮料使用者更有可能在过去 30 天内“在家、学校或工作中遇到麻烦”（OR：3.12 [1.24-7.88]）。在多变量负二项回归模型中，药物使用者报告更多的行为影响（IRR：1.50 [1.18-1.93]），而烟草使用者（IRR：1.42 [1.13-1.80]）和女性（IRR：1.48 [1.21-1.80]）报告更多的生理影响，但能量饮料使用者除外。
能量饮料使用者和物质使用者更有可能报告特定的生理和行为不良影响。在评估患者症状时，急诊医生应考虑询问患者有关能量饮料和传统咖啡因使用情况以及物质使用情况。
