Environmental Health Department, Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Alexandria University, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Dec;184(12):7395-406. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2508-6. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
In spite of the importance and popularity of swimming pools in summer, they have been identified as posing some public health risks to users due to either chemical or microbiological contamination. This study was carried out aiming at assessing the quality of water for some Alexandria's swimming pools in order to determine its compliance with the Egyptian standards no. 418/1995. Five swimming pools were selected randomly from different districts. Physical and chemical parameters, as well as biological examination of a total of 30 samples, were carried out using standard analytical methods. Water samples were collected from the studied swimming pools monthly over 6 months and pool water monitoring was carried out during afternoon of the weekends when the pools were most heavily used. The results indicated overall poor compliance with the standards. Compliance of the pool water to the microbial parameters, residual chlorine, pH, and turbidity were 56.7% (17 samples), 20% (6 samples), 46.7% (14 samples), and 46.7% (14 samples), respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant association between water contamination with microbial indicators and physical-chemical aspects such as residual chlorine, temperature, turbidity, and load of swimmers. Furthermore, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts has been found in 10% of samples. It was concluded that there is a need to improve disinfection and cleaning procedures, with consideration given to safety, and size of the pool in relation to bathing load. There is also a need to monitor swimming pool water quality continuously, and to increase bather hygienic practices and awareness of the risks as well as training of governmental inspectors.
尽管游泳池在夏季非常重要且很受欢迎，但由于化学或微生物污染，它们已被确定对使用者存在一些公共健康风险。本研究旨在评估亚历山大市部分游泳池的水质，以确定其是否符合埃及标准 418/1995。从不同地区随机选择了五个游泳池。使用标准分析方法对总共 30 个样本的物理和化学参数以及生物检查进行了检测。在 6 个月的时间里，每月从研究中的游泳池采集水样，并且在周末游泳池使用最频繁的下午进行池水监测。结果表明，总体上不符合标准。游泳池水对微生物参数、余氯、pH 值和浊度的合规率分别为 56.7%（17 个样本）、20%（6 个样本）、46.7%（14 个样本）和 46.7%（14 个样本）。统计分析显示，水样的微生物污染与余氯、温度、浊度和游泳者负荷等物理化学方面存在显著相关性。此外，在 10%的样本中发现了隐孢子虫囊和贾第虫包囊。研究结论认为，有必要改进消毒和清洁程序，同时考虑到泳池的安全性和大小与沐浴负荷的关系。还需要对游泳池水质进行持续监测，提高游泳者的卫生习惯和对风险的认识，并对政府检查员进行培训。
