Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Jan;1247:97-116. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06378.x. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
The gut immune system protects against mucosal pathogens, maintains a mutualistic relationship with the microbiota, and establishes tolerance against food antigens. This requires a balance between immune effector responses and induction of tolerance. Disturbances of this strictly regulated balance can lead to infections or the development inflammatory diseases and allergies. Production of secretory IgA is a unique effector function at mucosal surfaces, and basal mechanisms regulating IgA production have been the focus of much recent research. These investigations have aimed at understanding how long-term IgA-mediated mucosal immunity can best be achieved by oral or sublingual vaccination, or at analyzing the relationship between IgA production, the composition of the gut microbiota, and protection from allergies and autoimmunity. This research has lead to a better understanding of the IgA system; but at the same time seemingly conflicting data have been generated. Here, we discuss how gut IgA production is controlled, with special focus on how differences between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA production may explain some of these discrepancies.
肠道免疫系统可抵御黏膜病原体，与微生物群保持共生关系，并对食物抗原产生耐受。这需要在免疫效应应答和诱导耐受之间取得平衡。这种严格调节的平衡被打破可导致感染或引发炎症性疾病和过敏。分泌型 IgA 是黏膜表面的独特效应功能，调节 IgA 产生的基础机制一直是近期研究的重点。这些研究旨在了解如何通过口服或舌下免疫接种来最好地实现长期 IgA 介导的黏膜免疫，或者分析 IgA 产生、肠道微生物群组成与预防过敏和自身免疫之间的关系。这些研究加深了我们对 IgA 系统的理解；但与此同时，也产生了似乎相互矛盾的数据。在这里，我们讨论肠道 IgA 产生是如何被控制的，特别关注 T 细胞依赖性和 T 细胞非依赖性 IgA 产生之间的差异如何解释其中的一些差异。
