澳大利亚 2000-2010 年产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的流行病学研究。
Epidemiology of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in Australia, 2000-2010.
机构信息
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 21;12:63. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-63.
BACKGROUND
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of gastroenteritis in Australia and worldwide and can also result in serious sequelae such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). In this paper we describe the epidemiology of STEC in Australia using the latest available data.
METHODS
National and state notifications data, as well as data on serotypes, hospitalizations, mortality and outbreaks were examined.
RESULTS
For the 11 year period 2000 to 2010, the overall annual Australian rate of all notified STEC illness was 0.4 cases per 100,000 per year. In total, there were 822 STEC infections notified in Australia over this period, with a low of 1 notification in the Australian Capital Territory (corresponding to a rate of 0.03 cases per 100,000/year) and a high of 413 notifications in South Australia (corresponding to a rate of 2.4 cases per 100,000/year), the state with the most comprehensive surveillance for STEC infection in the country. Nationally, 71.2% (504/708) of STEC infections underwent serotype testing between 2001 and 2009, and of these, 58.0% (225/388) were found to be O157 strains, with O111 (13.7%) and O26 (11.1%) strains also commonly associated with STEC infections. The notification rate for STEC O157 infections Australia wide between 2001-2009 was 0.12 cases per 100,000 per year. Over the same 9 year period there were 11 outbreaks caused by STEC, with these outbreaks generally being small in size and caused by a variety of serogroups. The overall annual rate of notified HUS in Australia between 2000 and 2010 was 0.07 cases per 100,000 per year. Both STEC infections and HUS cases showed a similar seasonal distribution, with a larger proportion of reported cases occurring in the summer months of December to February.
CONCLUSIONS
STEC infections in Australia have remained fairly steady over the past 11 years. Overall, the incidence and burden of disease due to STEC and HUS in Australia appears comparable or lower than similar developed countries.
背景
产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）是澳大利亚和全球范围内引起肠胃炎的一个重要原因，也可能导致溶血性尿毒综合征（HUS）等严重后遗症。本文使用最新可用数据描述了澳大利亚的 STEC 流行病学。
方法
检查了国家和州的通知数据，以及血清型、住院、死亡和暴发的数据。
结果
在 2000 年至 2010 年的 11 年期间，澳大利亚所有报告的 STEC 疾病的年发病率为每 10 万人每年 0.4 例。在此期间，澳大利亚共报告了 822 例 STEC 感染，发病率最低的是澳大利亚首都直辖区（1 例，发病率为每年每 10 万人 0.03 例），发病率最高的是南澳大利亚州（413 例，发病率为每年每 10 万人 2.4 例），该州对 STEC 感染的监测最全面。在全国范围内，2001 年至 2009 年期间，71.2%（504/708）的 STEC 感染进行了血清型检测，其中 58.0%（225/388）为 O157 株，O111（13.7%）和 O26（11.1%）株也与 STEC 感染有关。2001-2009 年期间，澳大利亚 O157 感染的 STEC 报告率为每年每 10 万人 0.12 例。在同一 9 年期间，有 11 起由 STEC 引起的暴发，这些暴发通常规模较小，由各种血清群引起。2000 年至 2010 年期间，澳大利亚每年报告的 HUS 病例数为 0.07 例/10 万人。STEC 感染和 HUS 病例均呈相似的季节性分布，报告病例较多的月份为 12 月至 2 月的夏季。
结论
在过去的 11 年中，澳大利亚的 STEC 感染相对稳定。总的来说，澳大利亚由于 STEC 和 HUS 引起的发病率和疾病负担似乎与其他类似发达国家相当或更低。
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