Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2012 Apr;87(2):177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.015. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Activated carbon (AC) amendment is an innovative method for the in situ remediation of contaminated soils. A field-scale AC amendment of either 2% powder or granular AC (PAC and GAC) to a PAH contaminated soil was carried out in Norway. The PAH concentration in drainage water from the field plot was measured with a direct solvent extraction and by deploying polyoxymethylene (POM) passive samplers. In addition, POM samplers were dug directly in the AC amended and unamended soil in order to monitor the reduction in free aqueous PAH concentrations in the soil pore water. The total PAH concentration in the drainage water, measured by direct solvent extraction of the water, was reduced by 14% for the PAC amendment and by 59% for GAC, 12 months after amendment. Measurements carried out with POM showed a reduction of 93% for PAC and 56% for GAC. The free aqueous PAH concentration in soil pore water was reduced 93% and 76%, 17 and 28 months after PAC amendment, compared to 84% and 69% for GAC. PAC, in contrast to GAC, was more effective for reducing freely dissolved concentrations than total dissolved ones. This could tentatively be explained by leaching of microscopic AC particles from PAC. Secondary chemical effects of the AC amendment were monitored by considering concentration changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients. DOC was bound by AC, while the concentrations of nutrients (NO(3), NO(2), NH(4), PO(4), P-total, K, Ca and Mg) were variable and likely affected by external environmental factors.
活性炭（AC）改良是原位修复污染土壤的一种创新方法。在挪威，对受多环芳烃（PAH）污染的土壤进行了现场规模的 2%粉末或颗粒活性炭（PAC 和 GAC）改良。用直接溶剂萃取法和聚甲醛（POM）被动采样器测量了来自田间试验场排水中 PAH 的浓度。此外，为了监测土壤孔隙水中游离的 PAH 浓度的降低，直接在添加和未添加 AC 的土壤中挖掘了 POM 采样器。直接从土壤中提取的水样中测量到的总 PAH 浓度，PAC 改良后降低了 14%，GAC 降低了 59%，12 个月后改良。用 POM 进行的测量表明，PAC 降低了 93%，GAC 降低了 56%。PAC 改良后 17 个月和 28 个月，土壤孔隙水中游离的 PAH 浓度分别降低了 93%和 76%，而 GAC 分别降低了 84%和 69%。与 GAC 相比，PAC 更有效地降低了游离溶解浓度，而不是总溶解浓度。这可能可以通过 PAC 中微小的 AC 颗粒的浸出来解释。通过考虑溶解有机碳（DOC）和养分浓度的变化来监测 AC 改良的次生化学效应。DOC 被 AC 束缚，而养分（NO3、NO2、NH4、PO4、总磷、K、Ca 和 Mg）的浓度是可变的，可能受到外部环境因素的影响。
