Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Mar 6;140(1):161-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
The leaves of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) are widely used in folk medicine in India to treat various ailments like cough, malaria, indigestion, influenza lung diseases and rheumatism, fever, stomach ailments, cholera and diarrhea. In our earlier communication we have reported the antimicrobial study on the various extracts of the leaves and the isolation and identification of Flindersine, a quinolone alkaloid as the major active principle. In the present study, we report the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ulopterol, a coumarin isolated as another major active antimicrobial principle.
The leaves were successively extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The extracts were studied for their antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi by using disc-diffusion method. The ethyl acetate extract which was found to possess highest antimicrobial activity was subjected to activity guided fractionation by column chromatography over silica gel. This resulted in the isolation of the coumarin, Ulopetrol, an active principle besides Flindersine which was reported by us earlier. The structure of the compound was elucidated using physical and spectroscopic data. Flindersine and Ulopterol were quantified by HPLC.
Ulopterol showed activity against the bacteria viz. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-3967), Escherichia coli (ESBL-3984) and fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus, Candida krusei and Botrytis cinerea. Quantification by HPLC showed the content of Flindersine and Ulopterol to be 0.361% and 0.266% respectively on dry weight basis of the leaves.
Ethyl acetate extract (successive extraction) contained Ulopterol, a coumarin, besides Flindersine, a quinolone alkaloid, as a major active principle in the antimicrobial studies. This is the first report of the antimicrobial activity of Ulopterol and also its first report from the plant.
桃金娘科（Rutaceae）托达利亚亚洲（L.）Lam 的叶子在印度民间医学中被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，如咳嗽、疟疾、消化不良、流感肺病和风湿病、发烧、胃病、霍乱和腹泻。在我们之前的交流中，我们报告了对叶子的各种提取物的抗菌研究，并分离和鉴定了 Flindersine，一种喹诺酮生物碱，作为主要的活性成分。在本研究中，我们报告了另一种主要的抗菌活性成分香豆素 Ulopterol 的抗菌和抗真菌活性。
叶子依次用己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水提取。采用圆盘扩散法研究提取物对选定细菌和真菌的抗菌活性。发现具有最高抗菌活性的乙酸乙酯提取物进行了活性导向的硅胶柱色谱分离。这导致了香豆素 Ulopterol 的分离，这是除我们之前报道的 Flindersine 之外的另一个活性抗菌原理。使用物理和光谱数据阐明了化合物的结构。Flindersine 和 Ulopterol 通过 HPLC 进行定量。
Ulopterol 对细菌表现出活性，包括表皮葡萄球菌、产气肠杆菌、福氏志贺菌、肺炎克雷伯菌（ESBL-3967）、大肠杆菌（ESBL-3984）和真菌，包括黄曲霉、克柔念珠菌和 Botrytis cinerea。HPLC 定量表明 Flindersine 和 Ulopterol 的含量分别为干重基础上的叶子的 0.361%和 0.266%。
乙酸乙酯提取物（连续提取）含有 Ulopterol，一种香豆素，除了 Flindersine，一种喹诺酮生物碱，作为抗菌研究的主要活性成分。这是 Ulopterol 抗菌活性的首次报道，也是该植物的首次报道。
