Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012 Mar 5;367(1589):692-703. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0304.
Anecdotal evidence abounds that conflicts between two individuals can spread across networks to involve a multitude of others. We advance a cultural transmission model of intergroup conflict where conflict contagion is seen as a consequence of universal human traits (ingroup preference, outgroup hostility; i.e. parochial altruism) which give their strongest expression in particular cultural contexts. Qualitative interviews conducted in the Middle East, USA and Canada suggest that parochial altruism processes vary across cultural groups and are most likely to occur in collectivistic cultural contexts that have high ingroup loyalty. Implications for future neuroscience and computational research needed to understand the emergence of intergroup conflict are discussed.
有很多传闻证据表明，两个人之间的冲突会在网络中蔓延，涉及到很多其他人。我们提出了一个群体间冲突的文化传播模型，其中冲突的蔓延被视为普遍的人类特征（群体偏好、群体敌意；即狭隘利他主义）的结果，这些特征在特定的文化背景下表现得最为强烈。在中东、美国和加拿大进行的定性访谈表明，狭隘利他主义过程在不同的文化群体中有所不同，最有可能发生在具有高度群体忠诚度的集体主义文化背景中。讨论了为了理解群体间冲突的出现而需要进行未来的神经科学和计算研究的意义。
