Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
J Biosoc Sci. 2012 May;44(3):321-44. doi: 10.1017/S0021932011000733. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
This paper makes methodological and empirical contributions to the study of HIV in the context of Botswana, a country with high HIV prevalence. Comparable evidence is presented from India to put the Botswana results in perspective. The results point to the strong role played by affluence and education in increasing HIV knowledge, promoting safe sex and reducing HIV prevalence. The study presents African evidence on the role played by the empowerment of women in promoting safe sex practices such as condom use. The lack of significant association between HIV prevalence and safe sex practice points to the danger of HIV-infected individuals spreading the disease through multiple sex partners and unprotected sex. This danger is underlined by the finding that females with multiple sex partners are at higher risk of being infected with HIV. These results take on special policy significance in the context of Botswana, where the issue of multiple sex partners has not been adequately addressed in the programme to contain the spread of HIV.
本文为博茨瓦纳的 HIV 研究做出了方法学和实证方面的贡献，博茨瓦纳是一个 HIV 感染率很高的国家。同时本文从印度获得了可比的证据，以更全面地了解博茨瓦纳的研究结果。研究结果表明，富裕程度和教育水平在提高 HIV 知识、促进安全性行为和降低 HIV 感染率方面发挥了重要作用。本研究提供了非洲有关妇女赋权在促进安全性行为方面（如使用避孕套）所发挥作用的证据。HIV 感染率与安全性行为之间缺乏显著关联，这表明 HIV 感染者通过多个性伴侣和无保护性行为传播疾病的危险。研究发现，有多个性伴侣的女性感染 HIV 的风险更高，这一发现强调了这种危险。这些研究结果在博茨瓦纳具有特殊的政策意义，因为在控制 HIV 传播的方案中，博茨瓦纳没有充分解决多个性伴侣的问题。
