Macías-Romero C, Foreman M R, Török P
Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK.
Opt Express. 2011 Dec 5;19(25):25066-76. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.025066.
We introduce a new metric to characterise spatial variations occurring in a time varying vector field, and we derive a rotationally invariant formula that quantifies temporal fluctuations within a consistent framework. So as to highlight the physics behind these metrics, both are derived from a well-known experiment in polarimetry. The derivation yields a set of expressions in a two-dimensional space, which is subsequently expanded to n-dimensions for special cases. The resulting expressions of the temporal and spatial metrics are incorporated into the electromagnetic theory of coherence and polarisation. Examples are given in the context of single molecule detection when measuring asymmetrically and radially polarised beams.
我们引入一种新的度量来表征时变矢量场中发生的空间变化，并推导出一个旋转不变公式，该公式在一个一致的框架内量化时间波动。为了突出这些度量背后的物理原理，两者均源自极化imetry中的一个著名实验。推导得出了二维空间中的一组表达式，随后针对特殊情况将其扩展到n维。时间和空间度量的最终表达式被纳入相干和极化的电磁理论中。在测量非对称和径向极化光束时的单分子检测背景下给出了示例。
