School of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
Water Sci Technol. 2012;65(4):624-42. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.902.
Prolonged drought which has occurred everywhere around the world has caused water shortages, leading many countries to consider more sustainable practices, which are called source management practices (SMPs) to ensure water availability for the future. SMPs include the practices of water use reduction, potable water substitution and wastewater volume reduction such as water demand management, rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling and sewer mining. Besides the well known advantages from SMPs, they also contribute to the alteration of wastewater characteristics which finally affect the process in downstream infrastructure such as sewerage networks. Several studies have shown that the implementation of SMPs decreases the wastewater flow, whilst increasing its strength. High-strength wastewater can cause sewer problems such as sewer blockage, odour and corrosion. Yet, not all SMPs and their impact on existing sewer networks have been investigated. Therefore, this study reviews some examples of four common SMPs, the wastewater characteristics and the physical and biochemical transformation processes in sewers and the problems that might caused by them, and finally the potential impacts of those SMPs on wastewater characteristics and sewer networks are discussed. This paper provides sewer system managers with an overview of potential impacts on the sewer network due to the implementation of some SMPs. Potential research opportunities for the impact of SMPs on existing sewers are also identified.
世界各地普遍发生的长期干旱导致水资源短缺，促使许多国家考虑采取更可持续的做法，即所谓的水源管理措施（SMP），以确保未来的水资源供应。SMP 包括减少用水量、用饮用水替代非饮用水和减少污水量等措施，如需水管理、雨水收集、灰水再利用和污水挖掘。除了 SMP 的众所周知的优点外，它们还有助于改变污水特性，最终影响下游基础设施（如污水管网）的处理过程。多项研究表明，实施 SMP 可减少污水流量，同时增加其强度。高强度污水会导致污水管网出现堵塞、异味和腐蚀等问题。然而，并非所有 SMP 及其对现有污水管网的影响都已得到研究。因此，本研究综述了四种常见 SMP 的一些实例、污水特性以及污水管网中的物理和生化转化过程，以及它们可能导致的问题，最后讨论了这些 SMP 对污水特性和污水管网的潜在影响。本文为污水管网管理者提供了由于实施某些 SMP 可能对污水管网造成的影响的概述。还确定了 SMP 对现有污水管网影响的潜在研究机会。
