School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Apr;97(4):E546-55. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2829. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport activity in vitro. Exercise and hypoxia have additive effects on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics (T2D).
The objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia on acute- and moderate-term glucose kinetics and insulin sensitivity in T2D.
The study was conducted at a university research center.
DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Eight male T2D patients completed the following: 1) 60 min of continuous exercise at 90% lactate threshold in hypoxia (HyEx60); 2) intermittent exercise at 120% lactate threshold, separated by periods of passive recovery (5:5 min) in hypoxia [Hy5:5; O₂ ∼ 14.7 (0.2)%]; and 3) intermittent exercise (5:5 min) at 120% lactate threshold in normoxia (O₂ ∼ 20.93%).
Glucose appearance and glucose disappearance, using an adapted non-steady-state one-compartment model were measured. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), and β-cell function were calculated 24 and 48 h after exercise conditions.
Glucose disappearance increased from baseline (1.85 mg/kg · min⁻¹) compared with 24 h (2.01 min/kg · min⁻¹) after HyEx60 (P = 0.031). No difference was noted for both Hy5:5 (P = 0.064) and normoxia (P = 0.385). Hy5:5 demonstrated improvements in HOMA(IR) from baseline [d 1, 6.20 (0.40)] when comparisons were made with d 2 [4.83 (0.41)] (P = 0.0013). HOMA(IR) and FIRI improved in the 24 h (HOMA(IR), P = 0.002; FIRI, P = 0.003), remaining reduced 48 h after HyEx60 (HOMA(IR), P = 0.028; and FIRI, P = 0.034).
HyEx60 offered the greatest improvements in acute and moderate-term glucose control in T2D. Intermittent exercise stimulated glucose disposal and improved post-exercise insulin resistance, which was enhanced when exercise was combined with hypoxia (Hy5:5). The data suggest a use of hypoxic exercise in treatment of T2D.
缺氧和肌肉收缩可刺激体外葡萄糖转运活性。运动和缺氧对 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者的胰岛素敏感性具有相加作用。
本研究旨在探讨间歇运动联合和不联合低氧对 T2D 患者急性和中期葡萄糖动力学和胰岛素敏感性的影响。
研究在一所大学的研究中心进行。
设计、参与者和干预措施：8 名 T2D 男性患者完成以下内容：1）在低氧（HyEx60）中以 90%乳酸阈进行 60 分钟连续运动；2）在低氧（Hy5：5；O₂∼14.7（0.2）%）中以 120%乳酸阈间歇性运动，通过被动恢复期（5：5 分钟）隔开；3）在常氧（O₂∼20.93%）中以 120%乳酸阈间歇性运动（5：5 分钟）。
使用改良的非稳态单室模型测量葡萄糖出现和葡萄糖消失。运动后 24 和 48 小时，计算胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型（HOMA（IR））、空腹胰岛素抵抗指数（FIRI）和β细胞功能。
与 HyEx60 后 24 小时（2.01 min/kg·min⁻¹）相比，葡萄糖消失从基线（1.85 min/kg·min⁻¹）增加（P = 0.031）。Hy5：5 无差异（P = 0.064）和常氧（P = 0.385）。与基线相比，Hy5：5 中 HOMA（IR）[d1，6.20（0.40）]有所改善，而与 d2 相比[4.83（0.41）]（P = 0.0013）。HOMA（IR）和 FIRI 在 24 小时（HOMA（IR），P = 0.002；FIRI，P = 0.003）时有所改善，在 HyEx60 后 48 小时仍降低（HOMA（IR），P = 0.028；和 FIRI，P = 0.034）。
HyEx60 为 T2D 患者提供了最大的急性和中期血糖控制改善。间歇运动刺激葡萄糖摄取，并改善运动后胰岛素抵抗，当运动与低氧结合时（Hy5：5），这种作用得到增强。数据表明，低氧运动可用于治疗 T2D。
