来自童年的回声——图雷特综合征中的模仿现象。

Echoes from childhood--imitation in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.

机构信息

Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

出版信息

Mov Disord. 2012 Apr;27(4):562-5. doi: 10.1002/mds.24913. Epub 2012 Jan 25.

DOI:10.1002/mds.24913

PMID:22278950

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Tourette syndrome patients are reported to show automatic imitation (echopraxia), but this has not yet been proven experimentally.

METHODS

Video clips showing either tics of other Tourette patients or spontaneous movements of healthy subjects were presented to Tourette patients and healthy subjects. Participants' responses were assessed using blinded review of video recordings by 2 independent raters and related to stimuli presented.

RESULTS

Both raters detected more echoes in patients. In a permutation analysis, no healthy subject had echoes above chance level. In contrast, 6 and 5 patients were classified as echoers according to rater 1 and rater 2, respectively, in 1 analysis, and 9 patients were so classified in a second analysis (according to rater 2 only). Concordance between raters was high. Patients echoed both following stimuli showing tics and following stimuli showing spontaneous movements. Most echoes were part of patients' individual tic repertoire.

CONCLUSIONS

Echopraxia is a hallmark of Tourette syndrome.

摘要

背景

据报道，妥瑞氏症患者会出现自动模仿（模仿反射），但这尚未通过实验证明。

方法

向妥瑞氏症患者和健康受试者呈现显示其他妥瑞氏症患者抽搐或健康受试者自发运动的视频片段。通过两位独立的评估者对视频记录进行盲法评估，评估参与者的反应，并与呈现的刺激物相关联。

结果

两位评估者都发现患者的模仿反射更多。在置换分析中，没有健康受试者的模仿反射超过随机水平。相比之下，在一项分析中，根据评估者 1，6 名患者和 5 名患者被归类为模仿反射者，根据评估者 2，有 9 名患者被归类为模仿反射者（仅根据评估者 2）。评估者之间的一致性很高。患者对显示抽搐的刺激物和显示自发运动的刺激物都产生了模仿反射。大多数模仿反射是患者个体抽搐组合的一部分。